Ngā Kāwai Pūrongo

Ngā Pūrongo Matua

Ngā Waka-Haurua Shodailer: Te Whakatakoto Paerewa Hou mō te Kounga, te Pumau, me te Mahi i roto i te Waka ā-Ao

Ko te tipu haere o te hiahia mō te kawe waka maina i Peru e akiaki ana i tētahi rauna hou o te tipu i roto i te mākete wakatō-haurua motuhake

Ngā Huarahi Hou mō ngā Waka-Tākaro i waenganui i te Whakapai Ake i te Waka o Āwherika: Kei Muri i te Whakaaetanga Mano-Wāhanga

Te Whakapai Ake i ngā Ratonga Whakahaere o Āhia ki te Tonga-Rawhiti: Kei te Tino Piki te Hiahia mō ngā Waka-Tāka

Mehiko: He putanga hou mō te umanga wakatō iti ki te mākete o Amerika Latina?

Mai i ngā Utu Hinu ki ngā Utu Utauta: Kei te Neke Whakamua te Ahumahi Waka-Haurua i raro i ngā Pēhanga o Waho

Tātari Whaihua o ngā Waka-Tākaro Hainamana e Whakauru Ana ki te Mākete Chilean

Ka Huakina e te Kaupapahere Kore-Taripa Tauhokohoko Haina-Āwherika te Tipu Hou: Ka Whakakahangia e Shodailer te Mākete Rautaki o Āwherika me ngā Otinga Āhua-Tākarere Ngaio

Ka Whakatairangahia e te Kaupapa Belt and Road te Hiahia Mākete mō ngā Mīhini Whakahaere me te Kawe Waka

Te Ahumahi Waka-Haumi-Tākarere e Hurihia ana e te Whakahaere Rautaki Kakariki me te Kawe Waka Atamai

Te Mākete Waka Tere me te Waka Tere-Hau o Mongolia: Ngā Auahatanga Tipu, Ngā Kaitaraiwa, me ngā Otinga Whakarite a Shodailer

2025-09-30

I. Te Whakamahinga o te Mākete: Te Arotahi ki ngā Ratonga Mahi Keri, te Tauhokohoko Whakawhiti-Rohe, me te Waka Ahuwhenua

1. Ngā Waka-Tākaro Taumaha: Te Tuarā o te Rāngai Mahi Keri (55% o te Wāhanga Mākete)

Mahi taumaha haurua-Te WakatōKo ngā kamupene te rangatira o te mākete o Mongolia, ko te kawenga matua ko te kawe i ngā hua keri nui (waro, parahi, koura) mai i ngā pokapū keri nui (Tavan Tolgoi, Oyu Tolgoi, Erdenet) ki ngā whare tukatuka me ngā taunga kaweake rohe. Hei tētahi o ngā kaihoko waro tekau o te ao, e whakawhirinaki ana a Mongolia ki ēnei wakatō hei neke i te 70% o tana putanga waro ā-tau (tata ki te 45 miriona tana i te tau 2023) ki ngā whakawhiti rohe o Gashuunsukhait me Zamyn-Üüd me Haina. Hei tāpiri, ko te maina parahi-koura o Oyu Tolgoi—tētahi o ngā putunga parahi kāore anō kia whakawhanakehia nui rawa atu o te ao—e akiaki ana i te tono mō ngā wakatō mahi taumaha motuhake e kaha ana ki te kawe i ngā taputapu keri nui (ngā keri, ngā kuru) me te konupūmā parahi ki ngā whare tukatuka o Haina.

2. Ngā Waka Tauira Mahi-Waenga: Matua mō te Hokohoko Whakawhiti-Rohe me te Whakahaere Rohe (30% o te Wāhanga Mākete)

He mea nui ngā wakatō waenga-mahi ki te hokohoko whakawhiti-rohe o Mongolia me ōna hoa nui e rua—Haina me Rūhia—e kawe ana i ngā taonga kaihoko (hikohiko, kakahu, kai), rauemi hanga, me ngā mīhini ahuwhenua. Ka āwhina hoki rātou i te utanga ā-rohe i waenga i ngā tāone me ngā kawanatanga matua (Ulaanbaatar, Darkhan, Dornod, Bayan-Ölgii), e whakarite ana i te rere pai o ngā taonga mō ngā hokohoko ā-rohe, ngā mahi hanga, me ngā kaupapa hanganga. I te tau 2023, i eke te nui o te hokohoko whakawhiti-rohe o Mongolia ki te $18.5 piriona (he pikinga 22% ia tau), me te 85% o te hokohoko i whakahaerehia ki Haina—e akiaki ana i te pikinga 17.5% o te tono wakatō waenga-mahi, inā koa mō ngā tauira kua urutau ki ngā huarahi roa pēnei i a Ulaanbaatar-Gashuunsukhait (580 km) me Ulaanbaatar-Kyakhta (Rūhia, 720 km).

3. Ngā Waka Tauira Mama: He Mea Matua mō te Waka Ahuwhenua me te Tukunga Whakamutunga (15% o te Wāhanga Mākete)

Ko ngā waka tere māmā te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei kawe i ngā hua ahuwhenua (witi, parei, rīwai, whāngai kararehe) mai i ngā rohe ahuwhenua tuawhenua (Porowini o Selenge, Porowini o Dornod) ki ngā whare whakaara witi, ngā whare tukatuka, me ngā mākete tāone i Ulaanbaatar. Ko te rāngai ahuwhenua o Mongolia—ahakoa 12% noa iho o te GDP—e tautoko ana i te 30% o te taupori, ā, he mea nui ngā waka tere māmā ki te whakaiti i ngā mate i muri i te kotinga. Hei tāpiri, ko te tipu tere o te hokohoko ipurangi (kua piki ake i te 30% i te tau 2023, nā te pikinga ake o te hokohoko ipurangi i te wā o te mate urutā) kua piki ake te hiahia mō ngā waka tere māmā mō te tuku whakamutunga ki Ulaanbaatar, te wāhi e noho ana te 68% o te taupori o Mongolia.

Te Tūturutanga o te Mākete Matua

Tata ki te 90% o ngā wakatō e whakamahia ana i Mongolia he mea kawemai (ko te nuinga mai i Haina, Rūhia, me Turkey), ā, ko te 75% he mea whakamahi (7+ tau te pakeke) nā te iti o te kaha hoko i waenga i ngā umanga iti me te rahi-rahi (SME) ā-rohe, me te kore e taea te uru atu ki te pūtea iti-huamoni. Ka puta he uaua nui i tēnei: te pakaru pinepine o ngā wakatō tawhito i ngā wāhi maina me ngā wāhi tuawhenua, te ngoikore o te urutau o ngā tauira whānui ki te āhuarangi tino kino o Mongolia (ngā pāmahana hotoke tae noa ki te -40°C, ngā awha puehu raumati), me te roa rawa o ngā wā arahi mō ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana (4–6 marama mō ngā kawemai a Ūropi, Rūhia rānei). He nui ngā whai wāhitanga o ēnei āputa mō ngā waitohu pēnei i a Shodailer, e tuku ana i ngā wakatō hou he pakari, he urutau ki te āhuarangi, ā, he tautokona ā-rohe.

II. Ngā Ārahi Tipu: Te Rāngai Keri, Te Tauhokohoko Whakawhiti-Rohe, me te Ahuwhenua

A. Te Whakaora i te Rāngai Keri: Te Pūkaha Tono Matua

E 25% o te GDP o Mongolia me te 80% o ana moni kaweake e takoha ana mai i te mahi keri, ā, kua akiakihia e ngā haumitanga tata nei ki te whakawhānui me te hanganga o te maina te tono mō ngā wakatō taumaha, he mea kāore i kitea i mua:

Te Keri WaroI te tau 2023, i whakangao te maina waro o Tavan Tolgoi—te maina nui rawa atu o Mongolia—i te $1.5 piriona hei whakawhānui ake i tōna kaha kaweake, me te hiahia kia neke atu i te 150 ngā wakatō taumaha hou hei kawe i te waro nui ki te rohe o Gashuunsukhait.
Te Keri Parahi-KouraKo te kaupapa whakawhānui i raro i te whenua o te maina Oyu Tolgoi (he haumitanga $10 piriona) e hiahia ana kia neke atu i te 90 ngā wakatō taumaha motuhake hei kawe i ngā taputapu keri me te konupūmā parahi ki te rohe o Mongolia o roto o Haina.

Te Otinga a Shodailer mō ngā Ratonga Keri

Kua hangaia ngā wakatō keri taumaha a Shodailer kia tū atu ki ngā āhuatanga keri kino o Mongolia:

Te Kaha Utaina Tino NuiKa taea e te anga whakapakari i hangaia ki te maitai konupora kaha te kawe i te 65 tana o te waro nui, te 50 tana rānei o te parahi kukū, ka roa ake te ora ratonga mā te 45% ki te whakataurite ki ngā tauira kawemai paerewa (hei tauira, ngā wakatō i hangaia i Rūhia).
Ātete ki te Āhuarangi me te WhenuaMā ngā pūnaha hiko hiri me ngā taupoki toki ātete puehu ka ārai i ngā kino mai i ngā awha onepu o te Koraha o Gobi, ā, mā ngā paninga ātete-waikura ka tiaki i te makuku i ngā rohe maina o te raki pērā i a Erdenet.
Te Urutau i te TakuruaMā ngā potae ātete-makariri (te pāmahana whakahaere -45°C), ngā raina wahie wera, me ngā pūnaha waipēhi whakamahana ka taea te whakarite kia pono te mahi i ngā hotoke makariri o Mongolia, ka whakakorea te wā kore mahi i puta mai i ngā wāhanga tio—he raruraru noa i roto i ngā wakatō Hainamana noa.

I mea tētahi kaiwhakahaere ratonga i tētahi kamupene keri maina kei Tavan Tolgoi: "Kua toru ngā hotoke o Mongolia e mahi ana ngā wakatō a Shodailer, kāore he pakaru i pā ki te makariri. Ka tio ā mātou wakatō tawhito i te -35°C, engari ka mahi tonu ēnei. Ka whakaitihia hoki e rātou te turuturu waro mā te 35%, ka penapenahia e mātou te $80,000 ia tau i roto i ngā utanga ngaro."

B. Te Whanuitanga Tauhokohoko Whakawhiti-Rohe: Te Pikinga o te Tono Mahi-Waenga

Nā te tūnga rautaki o Mongolia hei pokapū whakawhiti i waenga i a Haina me Rūhia i akiaki te tipu o te hokohoko whakawhiti-rohe, ā, i akiaki i te hiahia nui mō ngā wakatō mahi-waenga:

Te Hokohoko Haina-MongoliaI te tau 2023, i whakahaerehia e ngā whakawhiti rohe o Gashuunsukhait me Zamyn-Üüd te 32 miriona tana utanga (he pikinga 26% i ia tau), me te hiahia kia neke atu i te 120 ngā wakatō mahi-waenga hei kawe i ngā taonga kaihoko (hikohiko, kakahu) mai i Haina ki Ulaanbaatar me ngā taputapu keri mai i Haina ki ngā maina o Mongolia.
Te Hokohoko o Mongolia-RūhiaI te tau 2023, i piki ake te hokohoko ki a Rūhia mā te 19% (i arotahi ki te wahie, te mīhini, me te kai), ā, i piki ake te hiahia mō ngā wakatō mahi-waenga me ngā whakatārewatanga pakari hei whakahaere i ngā wāhanga kāore i wharikitia o te huarahi Ulaanbaatar-Kyakhta.

Te Otinga a Shodailer mō te Hokohoko Whakawhiti-Rohe

Kua whakaritea ngā wakatō waenga-mahi a Shodailer mō ngā hiahia o Mongolia mō ngā haerenga roa, whakawhiti-rohe:

Te Mahi Whenua PakariKa taea e ngā ārai ru taumaha me ngā potae mō ngā momo whenua katoa (me ngā takahanga hōhonu, ātete-paheke) te whakahaere i ngā rori kirikiri o te Koraha o Gobi me ngā huarahi tuawhenua kāore i wharikitia, ka whakaitihia ngā pakaru mā te 60% ki te whakaritea ki ngā wakatō Hainamana noa.
Tikanga me te WhakatutukitangaKua rite ki ngā pūnaha aroturuki GPS paerewa-BRI/CMREC me ngā pūnaha tuhi tuhinga mamati reo-reo, e whakaiti ana i te wā whakawātea rohe i Gashuunsukhait mā te 40%—he mea nui mō te whakatutuki i ngā wā tuku poto mō ngā taonga pirau (hei tauira, ngā kai kawemai mai i Haina).
Te Whai Hua o te WahieKa whakaitihia te whakapaunga wahie e te hanganga maitai mama, kaha-teitei mā te 16%, he penapena utu nui i waenga i ngā utu tīhiera teitei o Mongolia (≈MNT 3,800 ia rita i te tau 2023) mō ngā huarahi roa pēnei i a Ulaanbaatar-Gashuunsukhait.

I mea tētahi rangatira o tētahi kamupene kawe waka whakawhiti whenua o Ulaanbaatar: "Ka whakahaerehia e ngā wakatō a Shodailer ngā rori kirikiri o Gobi me te mea he huarahi nui—e toru ngā pakaru i te marama mō ā mātou wakatō tawhito. Ko te penapena wahie e tae atu ana ki te MNT 45 miriona mō ia wakatō ia tau, ā, mā te tere ake o te tuku i ngā tikanga tuku iho ka taea e mātou te mahi i ngā haerenga tāpiri e rua i te marama."

C. Te Pūmautanga o te Rāngai Ahuwhenua: Te Hiahia mō ngā Tarau Mama

He oranga nui te ahuwhenua mō ngā taiwhenua o Mongolia, ā, kua akiakihia e ngā kaupapa a te kāwanatanga ki te whakapai ake i te haumarutanga kai (hei tauira, ngā tautoko mō te ahuwhenua witi) te tono mō ngā wakatō māmā:

Te Kawe i te WitiI piki ake te whakaputanga witi o Mongolia mā te 18% i te tau 2023 ki te 380,000 tana, ā, 90% i haria mā roto i ngā wakatō māmā mai i ngā mania momona o te Porowini o Selenge ki ngā whare whakaputa witi me ngā wheketere tukatuka o Ulaanbaatar.
Te Kawe i ngā Whāngai KarareheKo ngā kararehe 60 miriona o te whenua (hipi, koati, kau) e hiahia ana ki te nui o te kai—e kawe ana ngā wakatō mama i te 70% o ngā kai kararehe mai i Ulaanbaatar ki ngā hapori whakatipu kararehe tuawhenua, inā koa i ngā hotoke kino (dzuds).

Te Otinga a Shodailer mō te Ahuwhenua

Ka aro atu ngā wakatō ahuwhenua māmā a Shodailer ki ngā wero o te kawe waka i ngā taiwhenua o Mongolia:

Ātete ki te HuarereKa tiakina e ngā moenga utanga ā-wai, ā-haumaru hoki te witi, ā, ka whāngai hoki i te hukarere me te huka i te wā e kawe ana i te hotoke, ka whakaiti i te pirau mā te 30% ki te whakaritea ki ngā wakatō tuwhera-runga kua whakamahia.
Ngāwari te whakahaereMā ngā pūnaha mīhini māmā, iti te tiaki (kāore he hiko uaua) ka māmā ake te whakatika i ngā wāhi tuawhenua tūroa, he iti nei te urunga atu ki ngā tohunga hangarau motuhake.
Utu whaitakeHe 28% te iti iho o te utu i ngā tauira mahi māmā o Turkey, me ngā mahere utunga ngāwari mō ngā tau e 4 (4.5% te huamoni) i te mahi tahi me te Peeke Kāwanatanga o Mongolia—kia wātea ai mō ngā mahi ahuwhenua e kore e whiwhi moni me ngā pakihi iti o te taiwhenua.

I mea tētahi kaiwhakahaere i tētahi rōpū mahi ahuwhenua witi o te Rohe o Selenge: "Mā ngā wakatō a Shodailer e pupuri kia maroke ā mātou witi ahakoa i ngā ua hukarere o te takurua—i mua ka ngaro te 20% o ā mātou hua i te makuku. Nā te hoahoa iti o te tiaki, ka taea e tā mātou mekanika o te rohe te whakatika, kāore he take e tatari ai ki tētahi mai i Ulaanbaatar."

III. Te Painga Whakataetae a te Kaimahi Hokohoko: Te Urutau Āhuarangi, te Whakatutukitanga, me te Tautoko ā-Rohe

1. Te Āhuarangi me te Whenua e Urutau Ana ki ngā Āhuatanga Ahurei o Mongolia

He wero nui mō ngā wakatō whānui te āhuarangi tino kino o Mongolia (te makariri o te takurua, te wera, te puehu o ngā raumati) me te whenua whānui, kāore anō kia whanakehia. E aro ana a Shodailer ki tēnei:

Ngā Āhuatanga Rite mō te TakuruaMā ngā pākahiko ātete-makariri (te whakatauranga -50°C), ngā papa parai wera, me ngā tāke wahie whakamahana ka taea te whakamahi i te tau katoa i ngā rohe raki pērā i a Dornod.
Te Parenga Puehu RaumatiMā ngā tātari hau tino whai hua, ngā tatau utanga hiri, me ngā pare puehu i ngā wāhanga neke katoa ka ārai i te onepū Gobi kei kino i ngā wāhanga miihini, ka whakaitihia ngā utu tiaki raumati mā te 35%.
Te Kaha ki te Haere i Waho o te RoriMā ngā turanga wira poto (mō ngā rori taiwhenua whaiti) me te tawhiti teitei o te whenua (mō ngā whenua koretake) ka taea te uru atu ki ngā wāhi maina tawhiti me ngā pāmu taiwhenua—ngā rohe e mau ai ngā wakatō kawemai nunui ake.

2. Te Whakatutukitanga Katoa ki ngā Ture ā-Rohe me ngā Ture ā-Rohe

Mā Shodailer e whakarite te urunga ngāwari ki te mākete mā te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa tino pakari:

Ngā TiwhiketeI whiwhi i te tiwhikete haumaru rori ā-motu a Mongolia (MNDS 03-2020), te tiwhikete kounga ISO9001, me te hanganga ture a BRI/CMREC mō te kawe waka whakawhiti-rohe.
Ngā Whakarerekētanga Tauwāhi: E tuku ana i ngā whirihoranga taraiwa-matau (paerewa i Mongolia), ngā pukapuka kaiwhakamahi reo Mongolian, me te tutuki i ngā here taumaha ā-rohe (tae atu ki te 42 tana mō ngā wakatō taumaha i runga i ngā huarahi ā-motu).
Tautoko Tikanga: Te mahi tahi me ngā umanga kawe taonga kei Ulaanbaatar (hei tauira, Mongolia Logistics Group) ki te whakahaere i te whakaaetanga me te tuhi tuhinga kawemai, me te whakaiti i te wā tuku mai i te 8 wiki (kawemai paerewa) ki te 12 rā—he mea nui mō ngā hiahia keri me te ahuwhenua tere.

3. Tautoko ā-Rohe hei Whakatau i ngā Āwangawanga o te Mākete

Hei whakatika i te korenga o ngā wāhanga e manawapa ana o Mongolia me ngā āputa tiaki i ngā rohe tūmatanui, kua hangaia e Shodailer tētahi whatunga tautoko ā-rohe kua arotahihia:

Ngā Pokapū RatongaI whakatuwheratia ngā pokapū ratonga e rua, e tuwhera ana mō ngā haora 24 i te rā, i ngā rā katoa o te wiki i Ulaanbaatar me Darkhan—e kapi ana i ngā pokapū matua o te whenua mō ngā mahi kawe waka me ngā mahi ahuwhenua—me ngā kaimahi hangarau e kōrero ana i te reo Mongolian kua whakangungua ki te mahi maina, ki te mahi whakawhiti-rohe, me te tiaki i ngā wakatō ahuwhenua.
Ngā Wāhanga Wāhi TāpuiI whakatūria he whare putunga wāhanga tāpui matua i Ulaanbaatar (kei roto i te 320+ ngā wāhanga noa: ngā paraikete, ngā potae, ngā wāhanga ātete-makariri) me ngā wāhanga wāhanga tāpui nekeneke mō ngā rohe maina tawhiti (hei tauira, Tavan Tolgoi, Oyu Tolgoi), me te whakarite kia tukuna i roto i ngā haora 72 mō ngā whakatikatika tere.
Whakangungu i te PapaangaE tuku ana i ngā whakangungu tiaki kore utu mō ngā mekanika me ngā awheawhe taraiwa ā-rohe mō te taraiwa haumaru i te takurua me te taraiwa i waho o te rori—e āwhina ana i ngā SME ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga whakatika i roto i te whare me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea aituā.

I mea tētahi kaiwhakahaere ratonga ahuwhenua nō Darkhan: "I whakatikahia e te tīma nekeneke a Shodailer tā mātou wakatō i te papa i roto i ngā hāora e rima—i tatari mātou mō ngā wiki e toru mō tētahi tohunga hangarau mai i Ulaanbaatar. Nā tā rātou whare putunga i Ulaanbaatar i tuku mai ngā potae tāpui i hiahiatia e mātou i roto i te kotahi rā. He rite ki te whai mekanika i te taha."

IV. Tirohanga Mākete 2025: Ngā Auahatanga Tipu me te Tūranga a te Kaihokohoko

Hei te tau 2025, e matapaetia ana ka tipu te mākete wakatō o Mongolia ki te Mongolian Tugrik (MNT) x, me te tere tipu ā-tau (CAGR) 11.2%. Ko ngā au matua me te arotahi rautaki a Shodailer ko:

1. Te Whanuitanga o te Rāngai Keri

Mā te whakawhānuitanga tuatoru o te maina o Tavan Tolgoi (kua whakaritea mō te tau 2024–2026) me te whakanui ake i te hanga o raro whenua o Oyu Tolgoi ka piki ake te hiahia mō ngā wakatō keri taumaha neke atu i te 200. Ka whakarewahia e Shodailer tētahi "wakatō keri atamai" me te aroturuki kawenga wā-tūturu me ngā pūnaha tātaritanga mamao hei whakaiti i te wā kore mahi i ngā wāhi keri tawhiti.

2. Whakapai Ake i te Tauhokohoko Whakawhiti-Rohe

Mā te hononga tereina rohe hou o Gashuunsukhait (Haina-Mongolia, kua whakaritea kia oti i te tau 2025) ka piki ake te kawe ipu, ka akiaki i te tono mō te 130+ ngā waka mahi-waenga. Te Tereira IpuKa whakawhānui ake a Shodailer i tana whānuitanga mahi-waenga kia uru atu ai ngā tauira hototahi ki ngā ipu 20 putu/40 putu me te hanganga ture BRI/CMREC kua whakarei ake.

3. Te Whakahoutanga Ahuwhenua

Mā te mahere a Mongolia ki te whakawhānui ake i te whakaputanga hua nui (hei tauira, ngā huawhenua rauropi) mō ngā mākete o te whare me Haina ka piki ake te hiahia mō ngā wakatō pouaka whakamātao mama neke atu i te 80. Ka whakauruhia e Shodailer he wakatō pouaka whakamātao mama e whakamahia ana e te rā hei whakatika i te korenga o te hiko i ngā rohe taiwhenua.

V. Te mahi tahi me Shodailer mō te tipu o te ratonga kawe waka o Mongolia

Mō ngā pakihi e rapu ana i ngā otinga wakatō pakari, e urutau ana ki te āhuarangi, ā, e tautokona ana e te rohe i Mongolia, ka tukuna e Shodailer:

Awhe HuaNgā wakatō keri mahi taumaha, ngā wakatō whakawhiti rohe mahi-waenga, ngā wakatō ahuwhenua mahi-māmā, me ngā waeine pouaka whakamātao ritenga.
Tautoko ā-RoheNgā pokapū ratonga 24/7 i Ulaanbaatar/Darkhan, te tuku wāhanga tāpui 72-hāora (tae atu ki ngā waeine nekeneke mō ngā rohe tūmatanui), ngā tīma hangarau reo Mongolian, me te whakangungu tiaki kore utu.
Utu WhakataetaeKo te utu mō ngā wakatō hou he MNT 18,000,000 (mahi māmā) — he 22–30% te iti iho i ngā waitohu Haina me Turkey, me ngā mahere utu ngāwari mō ngā SME.

Whakapā atu ki a Shodailer i tēnei rā:

Waea: +86 19015490301
Īmēra: info@shodailer.com

E whakapau kaha ana a Shodailer ki te tautoko i te rāngai kawe taonga o Mongolia me ngā otinga kua whakaritea mōna—te whakamana i ngā kaweake maina, te hokohoko whakawhiti-rohe, me te pumau o te ahuwhenua, me te hangai anō ki ngā whāinga "Kaupapahere Whakaora Hou 2023–2025" a te whenua.