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Imarike yeTrailer kunye neSemi-Trailer yaseBurkina Faso: Iindlela zokukhula, abaqhubi, kunye nendlela yophuhliso

2025-08-06

Imarike yeTrailer kunye neSemi-Trailer yaseBurkina Faso: Iindlela zokukhula, abaqhubi, kunye nendlela yophuhliso

Njengelizwe elingangeni ndawo eNtshona Afrika, ilizwe laseBurkina Faso Itreyila kwaye imakethi ye-semi-trailer ibonakalise ukunyuka kancinci kwiminyaka yakutshanje phakathi kotshintsho kwezoqoqosho. Emva kokuma okwethutyana ngo-2020-2021 ngenxa yobhubhane (ubungakanani bemakethi buyehla malunga ne-12% unyaka nonyaka), imakethi yaqala ukukhula kwakhona ngo-2022, ngesantya sokukhula se-8.5% (esibizwa ngokuba yi-CFA franc x kwiingxelo zemakethi). Kwixesha elide, iqhutywa kukwanda korhwebo lwengingqi kunye neziseko zophuhliso eziphuculweyo, imakethi igcine umkhwa onyukayo ngokuthe ngcembe, kunye nobukhulu bayo bowama-2023 obunyuka ngama-30% xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2019.

Ngokuphathelele urhwebo:
I. Imarike yeBurkina Faso yeetreyila kunye neetreyila ezincinci ixhomekeke kakhulu ekungenisweni kwempahla. Ngo-2022, ukungeniswa kwempahla kufikelele kwiiyunithi ezi-x, ukunyuka kwe-5% unyaka nonyaka, ikakhulu okuvela eTshayina, eTurkey, naseFransi, okubangela i-75% yazo zonke izinto ezithengisiweyo.
II. Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kulawulwa ziitreyila ezisetyenzisiweyo ezinomlinganiselo omncinci—ziiyunithi ezi-x kuphela ezithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe ngo-2022, ikakhulu kumazwe angabamelwane afana neMali neNiger, ezibalelwa kwi-15% yorhwebo lweetreyila ezisetyenzisiweyo zengingqi.
III. Kwisakhiwo sokungenisa impahla, iitreyila ezilula zinenani eliphezulu (60%), ezisetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuthutha iimveliso zezolimo umgama omfutshane; iitreyila ezincinci zimalunga ne-30%, zigxile kumashishini amakhulu othutho kunye neenkampani zothutho ezinqumla imida zezibuko ezidibanisa imithwalo emide kunye neendawo zangaphakathi.

I. Abaqhubi Bokukhula

A. Ukwandiswa kwezolimo kunye nokukhula korhwebo lwengingqi

Uqoqosho lwaseBurkina Faso lulawulwa zezolimo, apho imveliso ephambili yomqhaphu, i-cashews, i-millet, kunye nezinye iimveliso zezolimo eNtshona Afrika ikwindawo ephambili. Ngo-2023, imveliso yezolimo ibingu-23% we-GDP, apho ingeniso yokuthumela ngaphandle evela kwizityalo ezithengiswayo ifikelela kwi-$1.2 yeebhiliyoni, ukunyuka konyaka kwe-18%. Imfuno ekhulayo yokuthutha iimveliso zezolimo ukusuka kwiindawo zemveliso ukuya kwiindawo zokucubungula kunye nokuya kumazibuko emida iqhube ukukhula kwemfuno yeetreyila ezilula. Umzekelo, iikoperati zekotoni kummandla waseSahel, indawo ephambili evelisa umqhaphu, zonyuse ingeniso yazo. Ukuthengwa kwetreyilas nge-25% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2023 ukuhambisa umqhaphu ovuniweyo ukuya kwiifektri zeginning.

Okwangoku, njengelungu le-Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), urhwebo lwengingqi lwaseBurkina Faso namazwe angaselunxwemeni afana neCôte d'Ivoire neGhana luye lwanda kakhulu. Ngo-2022, urhwebo lwezothutho oludlula kwiZibuko lase-Abidjan (eCôte d'Ivoire) kunye neZibuko laseTema (eGhana) lufikelele kwi-$850 yezigidi, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu imfuno yee-semi-trailers ezihlala ixesha elide zothutho olude. Le mfuno ikhonzwa kakuhle ngababoneleli behlabathi abanjengo inkampani yethu, ii-semi-trailers zayo ezilula nezihlala ixesha elide sele zifumene udumo kwiimarike zaseAfrika kuquka iGhana, iNigeria, neCameroon. Iinkampani zothutho ezinqumla imida ezifana neBolloré Transport zandise iinqanawa zazo zee-semi-trailers eBurkina Faso nge-12% ngo-2023, zigxile kakhulu kwizixhobo ezithembekileyo nezisebenza kakuhle.

B. Ukuphuculwa kweziseko zophuhliso kunye noncedo lwamazwe ngamazwe

I. Urhulumente waseBurkina Faso, esebenzisana nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, utyale imali kwiziseko zophuhliso, egxile ekuphuculeni "iSicwangciso soQhagamshelwano lwangaphakathi."
II. Ukususela ngo-2022 ukuya ku-2023, ngenkxaso evela kwiBhanki yoPhuhliso lwase-Afrika, iprojekthi yokwandiswa komgaqo-ndlela i-Ouagadougou-Bobo Dioulasso yagqitywa, nto leyo eyaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemithwalo yendlela ngama-40%.
III. Okwangoku, iprojekthi yokulungiswa kwendlela yomda wase-Ouagadougou-Côte d'Ivoire yaqaliswa, ekulindeleke ukuba inciphise ixesha lokuthuthwa kwemida ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-1.5 emva kokugqitywa ngo-2025.

Iziseko zophuhliso eziphuculweyo ziye zavuselela ngokuthe ngqo imfuno yezothutho. Inani lamashishini angena kwi-Ouagadougou Logistics Park lenyuke laya kuma-50 ngo-2023, kuquka neenkampani zezothutho zasekuhlaleni ezili-10 ezisandula ukusekwa, zonke ezidwelise ukuthengwa kweetreyila njengesicwangciso sotyalo-mali esiphambili, ziqhuba malunga neeyunithi ezili-150 zemfuno entsha yemarike.

C. Ukuvela kwamashishini okuvelisa nokucubungula

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iBurkina Faso ikhuthaze "isicwangciso sophuhliso lwemizi-mveliso," ngophuhliso oluhamba kancinci lwemizi-mveliso elula efana nokulungiswa kwemveliso yezolimo kunye nempahla yokunxiba. Ngo-2023:
I. Kwakhiwe iifektri ezintsha ezili-12 zokucubungula i-cashew.
II. Kwasekwa iifektri ezintsha ezintathu zelaphu lomqhaphu.
III. Imfuno yokuthutha izinto eziluhlaza (umz., ii-cashew ezivela kwiindawo zemveliso ezisemantla ukuya kwizityalo zokucubungula ezisemazantsi) kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo (umz., amalaphu okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwimida) ezivela kula mashishini idale imfuno ezinzileyo yee-trailers eziphakathi. Umzekelo, ishishini lokucubungula ii-cashew lithenge ii-trailers ezili-10 ezifrijiweyo zokuthutha umgama omfutshane ukuqinisekisa ukuba amantongomane amatsha atsha, kwaye le marike ikhule ngama-35% ngo-2023.

D. Uphuculo lweTekhnoloji oluZiqhelanisayo

I. Utshintsho lweNdawo kunye noYilo oluhlala ixesha elide

Ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima zeendlela (uninzi lweendlela zomhlaba kwiindawo zasemaphandleni) kunye neemeko zokugcinwa ezingaphelelanga, iitreyila kwimarike yaseBurkina Faso zigxila kakhulu kutshintsho olusebenzayo. Iitreyila ezingenisiweyo kufuneka zifakwe ngokutsha ngamashishini asekuhlaleni ngamatayara athintela ukutyibilika kunye neenkqubo zokuxhoma eziqinisiweyo ukuze zilungele iindlela ezinodaka ngexesha lemvula; ezinye iitreyila ezilula nazo zineencopho eziphakamileyo zesitimela ecaleni ukuthintela iimveliso zezolimo ukuba zingasasazeki ngexesha lokuthuthwa. Izinga lokungena kwimarike kweenkonzo ezinjalo zohlengahlengiso lifikelele kuma-60% ngo-2023.

Inkampani yethu, sizimisele ekudaleni iimveliso zetreyila ezikhaphukhaphu, ezihlala ixesha elide kakhulu, nezikhuselekileyo, zihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo nale mfuno. Ngokudibanisa iingcamango zoyilo zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe eziphambili, iinkqubo zemveliso, kunye nophando nophuhliso oluzimeleyo, siye saphuhlisa iitreyila ezilungelelanisa izixhobo ezikhaphukhaphu (ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli) kunye nokuqina okuphuculweyo (ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezirhabaxa). Sixhaswa ngamakhulu abasebenzi abanamava angaphezu kweshumi leminyaka kushishino, iiworkshop ezininzi zanamhlanje ezisemgangathweni, imigca yokuhlanganisa, kunye neqela le-R&D elizimeleyo elinamalungu angaphezu kwama-30, iimveliso zethu zenzelwe ukuba ziphumelele kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo zaseNtshona Afrika. Jonga izinto esizinikelayo apha https://www.shodailer.com/.

II. Ukusetyenziswa kweZixhobo zeDijithali eziSisiseko

Amashishini amakhulu e-logistics aqalise ukwazisa iinkqubo ezilula zokubeka izinto (ezifana nee-GPS trackers) ukuze kujongwe indawo yee-semi-trailers ezikude ngexesha langempela kwaye kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wokulahleka kwempahla. Ngo-2023:
I. Ii-semi-trailers ezixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokubeka izinto zibalwa njenge-25%, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekuthuthweni okunqumla imida.
II. Izinga lokuhanjiswa kweempahla ngexesha linyukile ukusuka kwi-65% ukuya kwi-82%.

II. Imingeni kunye neendlela zoPhuhliso

Imingeni ephambili yemarike yeetreyila yaseBurkina Faso igxile kwiinkalo ezimbini: "ukungalingani kwemfuno yokubonelela" kunye "neenkqubo ezibuthathaka zokuxhasa."

A. Imingeni ephambili

Mna. Imiqobo Ephezulu Yenkunzi: Iitreyila ezincinci ezintsha zibiza malunga ne-$15,000-$30,000, nto leyo ebangela umthwalo onzima kumashishini amancinci naphakathi asekuhlaleni (ii-SME). Ama-90% abaqhubi bezithuthi ezincinci baxhomekeke kwiitreyila ezisetyenzisiweyo (ezinobomi benkonzo obungaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5), ezinamazinga aphezulu okusilela kwaye anyusa iindleko zokusebenza zexesha elide.
II. Ukunqongophala kweeNethiwekhi zoLondolozoKukho iivenkile ezintathu kuphela zokulungisa iitreyila zobungcali kuzwelonke (zonke zikwi-Ouagadougou), kwaye ukugcinwa kweendawo zasemaphandleni kuxhomekeke kubuchule bokulungisa iitreyila obungacwangciswanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezithuthi lifinyezwe libe ziinyanga ezi-3, ngaphantsi kakhulu komndilili weenyanga ezi-6 kwihlabathi liphela.
III. Iindlela Ezincinci Zothutho EzizezinyeNjengelizwe elivaliweyo, uthungelwano lwesitimela lugubungela kuphela icandelo lase-Ouagadougou-Kaya, elibandakanya ngaphantsi kwe-5% yomthamo wempahla iyonke. Uthutho lwendlela luthatha ngaphezulu kwe-90% yemisebenzi yempahla, kodwa ukungabikho kokhuphiswano kukhokelela ekutshintsheni okukhulu kwamaxabiso empahla yeetreyila.

B. Izisombululo kunye namanyathelo oShishino

I. Urhulumente, esebenzisana neBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseNtshona Afrika, baqalise "inkqubo yenkxaso-mali yokuqeshisa iitreyila," bebonelela ngenkxaso-mali yerenti ye-20% kwii-SME eziqesha iitreyila ezintsha.
II. Imibutho yezoshishino isebenzisene nabavelisi baseTshayina ukuseka amaziko oqeqesho lokulungisa izinto zengingqi, aqeqeshe iingcali zokulungisa izinto zasekuhlaleni ezingama-50 ngo-2023.
III. Amashishini anqumla imida azama indlela "yokwabelana ngeetreyila" ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenzisa iitreyila kwii-SMEs ngokusebenzisa ishedyuli ecwangcisiweyo.

Inkampani yethu Ijongana nale mingeni ngenkqubo yenkonzo epheleleyo. Njengoko iifektri zamasebe aphesheya kwezilwandle sele zisebenza, sinikezela ngokutyelela iindawo zokugcina impahla kwindawo, ukuhlolwa kweendawo ezithile, ukugcinwa kweenqwelo-moya, kunye neenkonzo zokhokelo olukude—sijongana ngqo nomsantsa wenethiwekhi yolondolozo. Iimveliso zethu, eziqinisekiswe ziinkqubo zolawulo lomgangatho zamazwe ngamazwe ze-3C kunye ne-ISO9001, kwaye zihlonitshwe ngezihloko ezifana ne-"China's 3A Level Unit for Quality, Reputation, and Service" yiZiko lokuLawula uMgangatho weeMveliso ze-China Integrity Enterprise, zikwanciphisa iinkxalabo zokuthembeka kubathengi abaqaphela iindleko. Kwiimodeli ezithile ezifana nee-flatbed semi-trailers, ndwendwela https://www.shodailer.com/40-ft-flatbed-semi-trailer/.

Imbonakalo yeMarike yeeTreyila yaseBurkina Faso ka-2025: Ukuhlanganiswa kweNgingqi kunye nokuthandwa kweTekhnoloji kukhawulezisa ukukhula

Ngowama-2025, imakethi yeBurkina Faso yeetreyila kunye neetreyila ezincinci iqalisa umjikelo omtsha wokukhula. Iqhutywa kukukhululeka korhwebo lwengingqi, ukugqitywa kweziseko zophuhliso, kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezolimo, ubungakanani bemakethi kulindeleke ukuba budlule kwi-20 yeebhiliyoni ze-CFA francs, ukunyuka kwe-25% xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2023, ngelixa usetyenziso lwetekhnoloji yasekhaya kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo ziya kuba ziinjini eziphambili zokukhula.

III. Ukwanda kweMfuno: Abaqhubi abaBini abavela kwizoLimo nakwi-Cross-Border Logistics

A. Ukuphuculwa Kwezolimo

Ukukhawuleziswa kokuphuculwa kwezolimo kubangele imfuno entsha. Ngo-2025:
I. Indawo yokulima i-cashew eBurkina Faso iza kwanda iye kwiihektare ezingama-800,000, kwaye imveliso ingaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-600,000.
II. Phakathi kwezityalo ezingama-20 ezisandula ukongeza ukucubungula i-cashew, ama-80% aceba ukuthenga iitreyila eziphakathi ezinomsebenzi wokulawula ubushushu ukuze kuthuthwe amandongomane amatsha ukusuka kwiindawo zokukha ukuya kwiindawo zokucutshungulwa.
III. Olu bungakanani bemarike olukhethekileyo kulindeleke ukuba lufikelele kwi-3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ze-CFA.

B. Ulwandiso lweZithuthi eziNqamlezayo

Imfuno yempahla enqumla imida iya isiba nkulu ngakumbi. Njengoko ukuvulwa ngokupheleleyo komgaqo omkhulu phakathi kwe-Ouagadougou ne-Abidjan:
I. Urhwebo lokuthutha abantu ngeCôte d'Ivoire kulindeleke ukuba ludlule kwi-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngo-2025.
II. I-Bolloré Transport ibhengeze ukongezwa kwee-semi-trailer ezingama-20 ezinzima eBurkina Faso ngo-2025, yamkela uyilo lwe-chassis oluqinisiweyo ukuze luhambelane neendlela ezixineneyo zomgama omde.
III. Inkokeli yezothutho yasekuhlaleni i-SITRA (ilungu le-Burkina Faso Transport and Logistics Association) iceba ukuthenga ii-semi-trailer ezili-15 ezilula, inyusa umthamo wemithwalo nge-10% kwaye inciphise iindleko zothutho lweyunithi.

Inkampani yethu, esele ithumela kwamanye amazwe angaphezu kwama-30—kuquka iimarike zaseAfrika ezifana neTanzania, iSudan, kunye noMzantsi Afrika—ikulungele ukuxhasa olu nyuko. Iitreyila zethu ezilula, ezilungiselelwe ukusebenza kakuhle nokuhamba ixesha elide kunye nokuqina, zilungele iindlela zorhwebo ezikhulayo zaseBurkina Faso.

IV. Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neZiseko zoPhuhliso: Intsebenziswano yeSithili ityhila amathuba

I. Isicwangciso se-ECOWAS "sokuHlanganisa iiLogistics Plan 2025-2030" sibe ngumqhubi obalulekileyo. Esi sicwangciso sicebisa ukudibanisa imigangatho yeetreyila zengingqi (ezifana nemida yobunzima bee-axle kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko) kunye nokuseka ingxowa-mali ekhethekileyo ye-$1 yezigidigidi ukuxhasa ukuphuculwa kweelojistiki kumazwe avaliweyo.
II. Njengelizwe elixhamlayo, iBurkina Faso inokufumana imali-mboleko yenzala ephantsi eyi-$200 yezigidi zeerandi ukuze ifumane inkxaso-mali yokuthenga izithuthi zeshishini lezothutho kunye nokwakhiwa kwenethiwekhi yokulungisa.
III. Iiprojekthi zeziseko zophuhliso zasekhaya ziyaqhubeka nokuphunyezwa. Ngowama-2025, isigaba sesibini se-Ouagadougou Logistics Hub siza kugqitywa, songeze indawo yokugcina impahla engama-50,000 square metres kwaye sitsale amashishini e-logistics ali-10 aphesheya ukuba ahlale kuyo, nto leyo eqhuba ukukhula kwemfuno yokuqeshisa iitreyila—Inkampani yokuqeshisa yasekuhlaleni iTransLease ilindele ukuba ukuqeshisa iitreyila kunyuke ngama-40% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2025, apho ama-70% "eepakethi zokuqeshisa ezikrelekrele" ezine-GPS positioning.

V. Ukuphuculwa kobuchwepheshe: Ubuchule obusebenzayo buphucula ukhuphiswano

A. Ukubekwa emgangathweni kohlengahlengiso lwengingqi

Ngowama-2025:
I. Imigangatho yokuqala yokuguqulwa kweetreyila zaseBurkina Faso iza kukhutshwa, icacisa ukuba iitreyila zasemaphandleni kufuneka zibe noyilo "lwamatayara alwa nemigibe + neereli ezisecaleni ezinokususwa".
II. "Iitreyila ezikhaphukhaphu zehlobo laseAfrika" eziphuhliswe ngamashishini asekuhlaleni kunye nabavelisi baseTshayina zifikelele kwimveliso enkulu, kulindeleke ukuba zithengiswe iiyunithi ezili-150 ngo-2025, zinciphisa iindleko ngama-20% kwaye ziphucula ukuqina ngama-30% xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli zemveli ezingeniswe kwamanye amazwe.

Inkampani yethu Indlela eqhutywa yi-R&D ihambelana nale ndlela. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchule obuqhubekayo kunye nokwenza ngcono iimodeli zezithuthi, sifumene amalungelo obunikazi amaninzi kazwelonke, siqinisekisa ukuba iitreyila zethu ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yengingqi eguqukayo ngelixa sigcina iindleko zisebenza kakuhle.

B. Ukusasazwa kwezixhobo zedijithali

Ukwanda kwezixhobo zedijithali ezisisiseko kuyanda:
I. Ngowama-2025, ama-50% eetreyila ezisandula ukusetyenziswa ziya kuxhotyiswa ngee-terminals ze-IoT ezilula, ezinokudlulisa idatha yexesha langempela kwindawo, ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli, kunye nemeko yendawo yemithwalo.
II. Ishishini lezothutho lendawo liphucule ucwangciso ngokuhlalutya idatha, linciphisa amazinga omthwalo wesithuthi esingenanto ukusuka kwi-35% ukuya kwi-20% kwaye lonyusa umndilili wengeniso yenyanga ngesithuthi ngasinye nge-150,000 CFA francs.

VI. Ukoyisa Imingeni: Ukwakha Inkqubo Yokuxhasa Ezinzileyo

A. Inkxaso-mali kwii-SMEs

Ukujongana neengxaki zemali ze-SMEs, "iSicwangciso soVuselelo lwezeMali seTrailer" siza kuqaliswa ngo-2025:
I. IBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseNtshona Afrika kunye neebhanki zorhwebo zaseBurkina Faso ziya kusebenzisana ukuqalisa inkqubo yokuthenga imoto "ye-10% yentlawulo yokuqala + izavenge zeminyaka emi-5."
II. Oku kulindeleke ukuba kuncede abaqhubi bezithuthi ezincinci abangama-300 kwaye kukhulule ii-5 zeebhiliyoni ze-CFA francs ezifunekayo.

B. Ukwandiswa kweeNethiwekhi zoLondolozo

Ukugutyungelwa kwenethiwekhi yolondolozo kuya kwanda:
I. Ngowama-2025, kuza kongezwa amaziko olondolozo amatsha ama-5 engingqi, agubungela iindawo zokuthutha impahla ezifana neBobo Dioulasso kunye neKoudougou, nto leyo eya kunciphisa ixesha lokuphendula kulondolozo ukusuka kwiiyure ezingama-72 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24.
II. Izithuthi zokulungisa ezihambayo ziya kwaziswa ukuze zibonelele ngeenkonzo zokulungisa kwindawo yasemaphandleni, nto leyo eya kunciphisa ilahleko ngexesha lokungasebenzi kwezithuthi.

Inkampani yethu Inethiwekhi yeenkonzo zehlabathi iyancedisana nale mizamo. Njengoko amaqela azinikeleyo enikezela ngenkxaso ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni—ukusuka kwiingcebiso zokuthenga ngaphambi kokuthenga ukuya kulondolozo emva kokuthengisa—sizimisele ukunika amandla icandelo lezothutho laseBurkina Faso.

Imbono yexesha elizayo

Imakethi yeetreyila yaseBurkina Faso ngo-2025 itshintsha ukusuka "ekuxhomekekeni kokungenisa" ukuya "ekulungelelanisweni kwendawo." Ngokususwa kwemiqobo yorhwebo yengingqi, ukwenziwa nzulu kwezicelo zobuchwepheshe, kunye neenkqubo ezixhasayo eziphuculweyo, imakethi ayizukwanelisa kuphela iimfuno zothutho lwasekhaya kodwa kulindeleke ukuba ibe yindawo yengingqi yokuguqulwa kweetreyila kunye neenkonzo zokuqeshisa kumazwe aseNtshona Afrika angangeniyo inqanawa. Kwiminyaka emihlanu ezayo, imakethi kulindeleke ukuba igcine izinga lokukhula elidibeneyo lonyaka elingaphezulu kwe-15%, inika inkxaso ephambili kulwahlulo lwezoqoqosho lwaseBurkina Faso kunye nokuphuculwa kothungelwano lokubonelela ngempahla lwengingqi.

Ukuba unomdla wokuhlola ii-semi-trailers ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezenzelwe imakethi yaseBurkina Faso, zive ukhululekile ukunxibelelana nathi:
I. Thumela umbuzo ngqo kwiphepha lethu lasekhaya lewebhusayithi: https://www.shodailer.com/
II. Sitsalele umnxeba okanye usongeze kuWhatsApp: +86 19015490301
Silangazelela utyelelo lwakho kwaye sixhase ukukhula kwakho kwezothutho!