Ma semi-trailer akuluakulu nthawi zambiri amawonongeka ndi kukonza ———— kulephera kwa injini

Ⅰ. Momwe mungaweruzire ngati gawo lalikulu la semi-Kalavani ali ndi vuto la injini
1. Yang'anirani dashboard: Ngati nyali ya injini yayamba kuyaka, nthawi zambiri zimatanthauza kuti pali vuto ndi imodzi mwa makina kapena zigawo za injini.
2. Mvetserani phokoso la injini: kugwira ntchito kwabwinobwino kwa phokoso la injini kumakhala kosalala komanso kofanana, ngati mumva kugogoda kosazolowereka, kukangana kapena phokoso, zingatanthauze kuti pali vuto mkati mwa injini.
3. Yang'anani mpweya wotulutsa utsi: Ngati mtundu wa mpweya wotulutsa utsi ndi wosiyana, monga utsi wakuda, utsi wabuluu kapena utsi woyera, zingasonyeze kuti injini ili ndi zolakwika zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, utsi wakuda ukhoza kukhala woyaka mafuta osakwanira, utsi wabuluu ukhoza kukhala mafuta olowa m'chipinda choyaka moto, ndipo utsi woyera ukhoza kukhala choziziritsira chomwe chikulowa m'silinda.
4. Imvani momwe galimoto imagwirira ntchito: ngati mphamvu ya injini yachepa kwambiri, yathamanga pang'onopang'ono kapena yagwedezeka, mwina injiniyo yalephera.
5. Werengani khodi ya cholakwika: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zaukadaulo zowunikira kuti muwerenge khodi ya cholakwika mu kompyuta ya injini kuti mumvetse mtundu ndi malo a cholakwikacho.
Ⅱ. Zinthu ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa injini ya semi-trailer yayikulu
1. Mkhalidwe woipa wa makina oziziritsira: zolakwika zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri m'mainjini a magalimoto, monga live cylinder, knock, cylinder punch leak, phokoso lalikulu, acceleration power drop, ndi zina zotero, zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kosazolowereka kwa injini yagalimoto, kupanikizika kwambiri, komanso kusakhazikika bwino kwa makina oziziritsira. Mkhalidwe woipa wa makina oziziritsira udzapangitsa kuti injini isagwire ntchito pa kutentha kwabwinobwino, kutsatiridwa ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lafotokozedwa pamwambapa.
2. Kutsekeka kwa fyuluta ya mpweya: Dongosolo lolowera mu injini limapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo awiri: fyuluta ya mpweya ndi intake. Malinga ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito, fyuluta ya mpweya iyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo njira yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndikutulutsa fumbi mu fyuluta kuchokera mkati kupita kunja. Chifukwa fyuluta ya mpweya ndi pepala, ndikofunikira kulabadira kuthamanga kwa mpweya kuti kusakhale kokwera kwambiri mukapuma, kuti musawononge fyuluta. Fyuluta ya mpweya iyenera kusinthidwa ndi yatsopano mutatsuka katatu, ndipo nthawi yoyeretsera imatha kudziwika ndi mtundu wa mpweya womwe uli m'dera loyendetsa tsiku ndi tsiku.
3. Kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ndi fyuluta yamafuta yoipa: mtundu wa mafuta amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta opaka mafuta umasintha mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Pambuyo pa mtunda winawake, magwiridwe antchito a galimoto amachepa, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana pa injini. Pofuna kupewa kulephera kumeneku, mafuta ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse kukhala galimoto limodzi ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta kumakhala kocheperako, nthawi zambiri pakati pa malire apamwamba ndi otsika a sikelo yamafuta. Mafuta akadutsa m'bowo laling'ono la fyuluta yamafuta, tinthu tolimba ndi mafuta osungunuka m'mafuta zimayikidwa mu fyuluta. Ngati fyuluta yatsekedwa, mafuta sangathe kudutsa bwino mu fyuluta, imaphwanya fyuluta kapena kutsegula valavu yotetezera, kudutsa mu valavu yodutsa, ndikubwezeretsa dothi ku gawo lopaka mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini iwonongeke mwachangu, ndipo kuipitsa kwamkati kumawonjezedwa. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa fyuluta yamafuta nthawi zonse ndikofunikira.
4. Chitoliro cholowera mpweya ndi chauve kwambiri: ngati galimoto nthawi zambiri imayendetsa m'dera lomwe lili ndi fumbi komanso mpweya woipa, iyenera kusamala poyeretsa chitoliro cholowera mpweya kuti iwonetsetse kuti mpweya ukuyenda bwino. Chitoliro cholowera mpweya ndi chofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yanthawi zonse ya injini, ngati chitoliro cholowera mpweya ndi chauve kwambiri, zipangitsa kuti mphamvu ya injini isagwire ntchito bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini isagwire ntchito bwino, ndikuwonjezera kuwonongeka ndi kukalamba kwa injini.
5. Madzi oundana (Crankcase draw) ndi ochuluka kwambiri: Pa nthawi ya injini, mpweya wosayaka kwambiri, asidi, madzi, sulfure ndi nitrogen oxides zomwe zili mu chipinda choyaka zimalowa mu crankcase kudzera pakati pa mphete ya piston ndi khoma la silinda, kotero kuti zimasakanizidwa ndi ufa wachitsulo womwe umapangidwa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ziwalozo kuti zipange matope. Madzi oundana ochepa amatha kuyikidwa mu mafuta, ndipo ngati ofanana ndi amenewa ndi akulu, amatuluka mu mafuta, kutseka fyuluta ndi dzenje la mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini ikhale yovuta kudzola mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini iwonongeke kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kusungunuka kwa mafuta pa kutentha kwakukulu kudzapanga filimu ya utoto ndi kaboni womangiriridwa pa piston, kotero kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta a injini kumawonjezeka, mphamvu imachepa, ndipo mphete ya piston imamatirira ndipo silinda imakokedwa pazochitika zazikulu.
6. Kusasamalira bwino makina amafuta: Kusamalira makina amafuta kumaphatikizapo kusintha fyuluta yamafuta, kutsuka kabureta kapena nozzle yamafuta ndi chingwe choperekera mafuta. Pakuwotcha mafuta kudzera mu dera lamafuta kupita ku chipinda choyaka, mosakayikira amapanga chingamu ndi kaboni m'njira yamafuta, kabureta, injector ndi chipinda choyaka, kusokoneza kayendedwe kamafuta, kuwononga chiŵerengero chabwinobwino cha mpweya ndi mafuta, kupangitsa kuti atomization yamafuta ikhale yofooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini ipume, kugogoda, kusakhazikika kwa ntchito, kuthamanga koyipa ndi mavuto ena ogwira ntchito. Kuyeretsa makina amafuta ndi chotsukira makina amafuta kumasunga injini bwino nthawi zonse.
7. Dzimbiri ndi kukula kwa thanki: Dzimbiri ndi kukula kwa thanki ya injini ndi mavuto ofala kwambiri. Dzimbiri ndi kukula kwa thankiyo zidzachepetsa kuyenda kwa choziziritsira mu makina ozizira, kuchepetsa ntchito yotaya kutentha, kuyambitsa kutenthedwa kwambiri kwa injini, komanso kuwononga injini. Kutulutsa mpweya m'madzi ozizira kudzapanganso zinthu za acidic, dzimbiri la zigawo zachitsulo mu thankiyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thankiyo iwonongeke komanso kutayikira.

8. Kukonza kosakonzedwa nthawi zonse: Nthawi zambiri anthu amakonda kuyika ndalama zambiri pakusintha injini, koma n'zosavuta kunyalanyaza kukonza kokonzedwa nthawi zonse kwa injini. Malinga ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino kukonza magalimoto anati: "M'magalimoto omwe akonza, kulephera kwa galimoto komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusakonza bwino injini kumachititsa 50% ya kulephera konse."
9. Kusamalira kosakonzekera: Makina oziziritsira osakhazikika bwino amayambitsa kutaya kutentha kwa injini, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini itenthe kwambiri ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito abwinobwino a injini. Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe makina oziziritsira osakhazikika ndi kulephera kwa chowongolera kutentha, kulephera kwa radiator, kulephera kwa fan, kutsekedwa kwa thanki yamadzi ndi zina zotero.
10. Kulephera kwa fyuluta ya mpweya ndi fyuluta ya petulo: nthawi yosinthira fyuluta ya mpweya ndi fyuluta ya petulo ndi chaka chimodzi kapena makilomita 40,000, yomwe imatha kukulitsidwa ndikufupikitsidwa malinga ndi chizindikiro cha mafuta ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito.
11. Kulephera kwa choyatsira moto ndi pulagi ya spark: Kulephera kwa choyatsira moto ndi pulagi ya spark kungayambitsenso kusowa kwa silinda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti liwiro lizichepa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dashboard ikunena kuti pali choyatsira moto, yang'anani khodi ya choyatsira moto kuti muifufuze.

12. Kulephera kwa mzere: Ngati galimoto yapezeka kuti ili ndi fungo loipa kapena fungo loyaka pamene ikuyendetsa, iyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani ngati mzere ukufewa kapena ukuyaka mozungulira injini, ndikukonza mzere woyaka kapena wofupikitsidwa nthawi yake kuti mupewe ngozi zazikulu zachitetezo.
Ⅲ. Mtengo wokonza injini yaikulu ya semi-trailer yalephera (ndi China ngati gawo lofunikira)
Mtengo wokonzanso injini zosiyanasiyana umasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zingapo monga mtundu, mtundu wa injini, malo ake komanso mulingo wa malo okonzera. Nazi mitengo yocheperako yokonzanso injini kutengera kulephera kwa injini, kuti mungowerenga izi:
1. Ngati vuto ndi losavuta, monga kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo za makina oyatsira, mtengo wokonza ukhoza kukhala wotsika. Mwachitsanzo, kungosintha pulagi ya spark, mzere wa silinda ndi zina, malinga ndi momwe injini yagalimoto imagwirira ntchito, mtengo wake ukhoza kukhala pafupifupi mayuan mazana ambiri, koma izi ndi kuyerekezera chabe, chifukwa palibe kufotokozera kwapadera kwa mitengo yokonza ya injini zazikulu za semi-trailer. Ngati ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri, monga pisitoni, crankshaft ndi zigawo zina zofunika mkati mwa injini zawonongeka, mtengo wokonza udzawonjezeka kwambiri. Ngati zikuphatikizapo kupukuta crankshaft kapena kusintha crankshaft ndi matailosi, nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupifupi mayuan 3000 pagalimoto, koma izi ndi mtengo wofotokozera, ndipo mtundu weniweni ungasiyane malinga ndi zinthu monga chitsanzo.
2. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mainjini imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pa mtengo wa zida zawo. Mainjini ena apamwamba komanso ogwira ntchito bwino, mtengo wa zida zawo ndi wokwera, ndipo zingakhale zovuta kupeza pamsika, zomwe zingawonjezere ndalama zokonzera. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina yapadera ya mainjini ochokera kunja ingafune kuti zida ziyitanitsa kuchokera kunja, zomwe zimabweretsa ndalama zowonjezera zoyendera komanso nthawi, motero kuonjezera mtengo wokonzera.
3. Ku China, ndalama zogulira antchito ndi mitengo zimasiyana m'madera osiyanasiyana. M'madera otukuka bwino, monga mizinda yoyambirira, mtengo wokonza pa ola limodzi ukhoza kukhala wokwera, pomwe m'madera ena osatukuka bwino, mtengo wa ola limodzi ndi wotsika. Nthawi yomweyo, kupezeka kwa zida m'madera osiyanasiyana kungakhudzenso mtengo wokonza, ngati zida zakomweko ndizosavuta kupeza, mtengo wake ukhoza kukhala wokhazikika; Ngati zida ziyenera kutumizidwa kuchokera kumadera ena, mtengo wake ungakwere.
Mukasankha semi-trailer yayikulu, mutha kusankha semi-trailer yayikulu ya kampani yathu.

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Ⅳ. Momwe mungathanirane ndi vuto la injini poyendetsa
(1) Njira zofulumira zoti zichitike
1. Kukhazikitsa chiwongolero: Ngati injini yazimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi, choyamba kuchita ndikukhazikitsa chiwongolero ndikupewa mantha kuti chisayambitse ngozi yayikulu.
2. Yatsani nyali yochenjeza yowunikira kawiri: Yang'anani momwe galimoto ilili kudzera pagalasi lowonera kumbuyo, ndipo yatsani nyali yochenjeza yowunikira kawiri kuti ipereke machenjezo kwa magalimoto.
3. Gwiritsani ntchito kulephera kuyendetsa galimoto pang'onopang'ono: yesani kugwiritsa ntchito kulephera kuyendetsa galimoto pamalo otetezeka, ndikuyika tripod yochenjeza kumbuyo kwa galimotoyo.
(2) Yang'anani thanki yamafuta ndi dera lamafuta
1. Yang'anani ngati thanki ili ndi mafuta okwanira, chifukwa mafuta ochepa ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe injini sizimayambira.
2. Yang'anani ngati njira ya mafuta ndi yabwinobwino, kuphatikizapo ngati chitoliro cha mafuta chasweka, ngati pampu ya mafuta ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso ngati malo olowera mafuta atsekedwa.
(3) Yang'anani mabatire ndi ma circuit
1. Onetsetsani kuti batire ikugwira ntchito bwino, chifukwa batire yochepa ingayambitse kulephera kuyatsa injini.
2. Yang'anani ngati pali short circuit mu circuit, kuphatikizapo switch yoyatsira, starter ndi fuse box.
(4) Yang'anani zida za makina a injini
1. Yang'anani ngati lamba wa injini ndi womasuka kapena wosweka, zomwe zingapangitse kuti injini iimirire.
2. Samalani ngati pali phokoso losazolowereka mkati mwa injini, ngati lilipo, musayese kuyambitsa galimoto mosavuta, kuti musawononge injini.
(5) Yang'anani makina oziziritsira ndi thanki yamadzi
Yang'anani kutentha kwa madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi mu thanki yamadzi kuti muwonetsetse kuti makina oyeretsera kutentha amagwira ntchito bwino kuti injini isatenthe kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kosakwanira.
6. Funani thandizo la akatswiri
Ngati chifukwa cha kulephera sichingadziwike kapena vuto silingatheke mutadzifufuza nokha, imbani galimoto yokoka nthawi yomweyo ndikudikirira kuti ipulumuke.
Ⅴ. Kukonza injini zazikulu za semi-trailer
(1) Sinthani fyuluta ya mafuta ndi mafuta nthawi zonse
Mafuta ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa injini, angathandize kwambiri pakudzola mafuta ndi kuyeretsa ziwalo zamkati mwa injini. Kusintha mafuta ndi fyuluta yamafuta nthawi zonse kungathandize kuti injini ikhale yoyera kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri, fyuluta yamafuta ndi mafuta imatha kusinthidwa makilomita 5000-10000 aliwonse malinga ndi momwe galimotoyo imagwirira ntchito.
(2) Yang'anani makina oziziritsira
Makina oziziritsira amasunga kutentha kwa injini moyenera komanso amaletsa kutentha kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, yang'anani makina oziziritsira nthawi zonse kuti aone ngati akutuluka madzi komanso ngati choziziritsiracho chikufunika kusinthidwa.
(3) Tsukani kapena sinthani fyuluta ya mpweya
Fyuluta ya mpweya imaletsa fumbi ndi zinyalala kulowa mu injini. Nthawi zambiri amalangizidwa kuti asinthe makilomita 10,000-20,000 aliwonse, akagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo opanda fumbi, nthawi yosinthira iyenera kuchepetsedwa moyenera, ndipo ndikofunikiranso kuyeretsa nthawi zonse kuti zitsimikizire kuti injini ikuyenda bwino komanso kuti ikugwira ntchito bwino.
(4) Yang'anani ndikusintha pulagi ya spark
Pulagi yoyatsira moto imagwira ntchito ngati kuyatsa moto, zomwe zimakhudza mwachindunji mphamvu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kwa injini. Ndikofunikira kuyang'ana momwe phula yoyatsira moto imagwirira ntchito nthawi zonse, ndikuyisintha pakapita nthawi ngati pali kuyatsa koyipa komanso kusonkhanitsa mpweya wambiri.
(5) Yang'anani lamba
Lamba limalumikizidwa ndi ziwalo zonse za injini, ndipo kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse ndikusintha malamba osweka komanso okalamba kungalepheretse lamba kusweka, kuti injini isagwire bwino ntchito.
(6) Sungani crankcase yanu kuti ilowe mpweya wabwino
Mpweya wolowa mu crankcase kuchokera ku chipinda choyaka moto umawononga ndipo umawonjezera mafuta owonongeka ndikuipitsa injini. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti crankcase ili ndi mpweya wabwino.
(7) Samalani kuchuluka kwa mafuta
1. Sungani mafuta abwinobwino: mafuta akachuluka mokwanira, sizingowonjezera kuwonongeka kwa mafuta, komanso zimayambitsa kuwotcha kwa ziwalo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mafuta; Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ngati mafuta ali ochulukirapo, mafutawo amalowa m'chipinda choyaka moto m'mbali mwa khoma la silinda ndi mphete ya pistoni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini itenthe mafutawo. Kuphatikiza apo, mafutawo amakhala okwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafutawo asakanizike bwino, mafutawo amachuluka, komanso amawononga mafuta.
2. Yesani mafuta nthawi zonse: nthawi zambiri yesani mafuta a injini, ngati sakwanira, ayenera kuwonjezeredwa mwachangu momwe mungathere, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mafuta oyenera injini, osati mafuta opangidwa okwera mtengo kwambiri, ndibwino, abwino kwambiri ndi oyenera.
(8) Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta motsatira malamulo
1, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta motsatira malamulo: ubwino wa mafuta umakhudza kwambiri kuyaka kwa injini, mafuta oipa amachititsa kuti chipinda choyaka, injector, inlet ndi valavu zipange mpweya wambiri ndi guluu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injini isagwire bwino ntchito, mavuto othamanga ndi zochitika zina.
2. Samalani kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu thanki: kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu thanki kuyenera kusungidwa momwe mungathere pamene gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu otsala awonjezeredwa mafuta, kuti pampu ya mafuta mu thanki ichotse kutentha bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti pampu ya mafuta ili ndi moyo wautali wokwanira.
(9) Kusamalira nthawi zonse njira za mafuta ndi gasi za injini
Dera la mafuta ndi gasi la injini limatsukidwa nthawi zonse kuti injini igwire ntchito bwino komanso kuchepetsa mwayi woti injini iwonongeke.
(10) Mukayambitsa injini mukakhala ozizira, iyenera kutenthedwa
Pa kutentha kwabwinobwino kwa injini, kukana kugwira ntchito, kutopa, kukhazikika kwa ntchito ndi zina zomwe zili pakati pa ziwalo za injini ndi zabwino kwambiri, kotero poyambitsa injini munthawi yozizira, injini iyenera kuyatsidwa bwino.
(11) Lamulirani liwiro la injini mukamayendetsa
Mukayendetsa galimoto, yesetsani kusunga liwiro la injini pansi pa sikelo yofiira ya tachometer kuti mupewe kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso wa injini. Magalimoto opatsira magalimoto ndi manja sayenera kukoka kwambiri momwe mungathere.
(12) Yang'anani phokoso la injini nthawi zonse
Yatsani injini ili chete kuti injini isamayende bwino ndikufulumizitsa injini, ndipo mvetserani ngati phokoso la injini lili bwino. Phokoso la ntchito ya injini liyenera kukhala lochepa komanso lokhazikika, ngati pali phokoso lakuthwa, chonde pitani ku malo okonzera nthawi yomweyo kuti mudziwe ngati vutolo lachitika.
Kutsatira njira zosamalira izi kungatsimikizire kuti makina amagetsi a semi-trailer yayikulu akugwira ntchito bwino komanso kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo cha kuyendetsa.

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