Ama-semi-trailer amakhulu avame ukuphuka futhi alungiswe ———— ukwehluleka kwenjini

Ⅰ. Indlela yokwahlulela ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yesigamu-I-trailer inezinkinga zenjini
1. Qapha ideshibhodi: Uma kukhanya isibani sephutha lenjini, ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi kunenkinga ngesistimu noma izingxenye zenjini.
2. Lalela umsindo wenjini: ukusebenza okuvamile komsindo wenjini kubushelelezi futhi kuyafana, uma uzwa ukuthepha okungajwayelekile, ukungqubuzana noma umsindo, kungasho ukuthi kukhona iphutha ngaphakathi kwenjini.
3. Hlola ukukhishwa kwegesi: Uma umbala wegesi yokukhipha ugesi ungajwayelekile, njengomusi omnyama, umusi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma umusi omhlophe, kungase kubonise ukuthi injini inamaphutha ahlukene. Isibonelo, umusi omnyama ungase ungabi ukusha kukaphethiloli okuphelele, umusi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungase ube uwoyela ongena ekamelweni lokusha, kanti umusi omhlophe ungase ube yi-coolant engena kwisilinda.
4. Zizwe ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwemoto: uma amandla enjini ehla kakhulu, eshesha kancane noma enyakaza, kungenzeka ukuthi injini ihlulekile.
5. Funda ikhodi yephutha: Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuxilonga ochwepheshe ukuze ufunde ikhodi yephutha kukhompyutha yenjini ukuze uqonde uhlobo nendawo yephutha.
Ⅱ. Izici nezimbangela zokwehluleka kwenjini kwe-semi-trailer enkulu
1. Isimo esibi sohlelo lokupholisa: amaphutha avame kakhulu ezinjini zezimoto, njenge-live cylinder, i-knock, i-cylinder punch leak, umsindo omkhulu, ukwehla kwamandla okusheshisa, njll., abangelwa izinga lokushisa elingavamile lokusebenza kwenjini yemoto, ukucindezela okukhulu, kanye nesimo esibi sohlelo lokupholisa. Isimo esibi sohlelo lokupholisa sizoholela ngqo ekutheni injini ingasebenzi ekushiseni okuvamile, kulandelwe yisimo esibi sokwehluleka okukhulu esingenhla.
2. Ukuvaleka kwesihlungi somoya: Uhlelo lokungenisa injini lwakhiwe kakhulu yizingxenye ezimbili: isihlungi somoya kanye nokungenisa. Ngokwezimo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, isici sesihlungi somoya kufanele sihlanzwe njalo, futhi indlela engasetshenziswa ukufutha uthuli olusesihlungini kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle. Ngenxa yokuthi isici sesihlungi somoya siyiphepha, kubalulekile ukunaka umfutho womoya ukuthi ungabi phezulu kakhulu lapho uvunguza, ukuze ungalimazi isici sesihlungi. Isici sesihlungi somoya kufanele sithathelwe indawo ngesisha ngemva kokuhlanza izikhathi ezintathu, futhi umjikelezo wokuhlanza unganqunywa yikhwalithi yomoya yendawo yokushayela yansuku zonke.
3. Ukonakala kukawoyela kanye nesihlungi samafutha esibi: ikhwalithi kawoyela yamazinga ahlukene kawoyela wokugcoba izoshintsha ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ngemva kwebanga elithile, ukusebenza kwemoto kuyawohloka, okungase kubangele izinkinga ezahlukahlukene enjinini. Ukuze kugwenywe ukwenzeka kwalokhu kwehluleka, uwoyela kufanele ushintshwe njalo uye emotweni kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa, futhi inani likawoyela lilinganiselwe, ngokuvamile phakathi kwemingcele ephezulu nephansi yesikali sikawoyela. Lapho uwoyela udlula emgodini omncane wesihlungi samafutha, izinhlayiya eziqinile kanye ne-gunk ku-oyela kufakwa kusihlungi. Uma isihlungi sivinjiwe, uwoyela awukwazi ukudlula kahle entweni yesihlungi, uzoqhumisa into yesihlungi noma uvule i-valve yokuphepha, udlule ku-valve ye-bypass, futhi uqhubeke nokubuyisela ukungcola engxenyeni yokuthambisa, okukhuthaza ukuguguleka kwenjini ukuze kusheshiswe, futhi ukungcola kwangaphakathi kuyengezwa. Ngakho-ke, ukushintshwa njalo kwesihlungi samafutha kubaluleke ngokulinganayo.
4. Ipayipi lokungenisa umoya lingcolile kakhulu: uma imoto ivame ukushayela endaweni esesimweni somgwaqo enothuli oluningi kanye nekhwalithi yomoya ephansi, kufanele inake ukuhlanza ipayipi lokungenisa umoya ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kahle kokungenisa umoya. Ipayipi lokungenisa umoya libaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwenjini, uma ipayipi lokungenisa lingcolile kakhulu, lizoholela ekwehleni kokusebenza kahle kokwehla kwamandla enjini, ukuze injini ingakwazi ukusebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lamandla okukhipha elijwayelekile, futhi kwenze injini iguge kakhulu.
5. I-Crankcase sludge eningi kakhulu: Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini, igesi engashiswanga ngomfutho ophezulu, i-asidi, amanzi, i-sulfur kanye ne-nitrogen oxides ekamelweni lokushiswa ingena kwi-crankcase ngesikhala esiphakathi kwendandatho ye-piston nodonga lwesilinda, ukuze ixutshwe nempuphu yensimbi ekhiqizwa ukuguguleka kwezingxenye ukuze yakhe i-sludge. Inani elincane le-sludge lingafakwa ku-oyela, futhi uma elilinganayo likhulu, lizophuma ku-oyela, livimbe isihlungi kanye nomgodi kawoyela, okwenza injini ibe nzima ukuyigcoba, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukuguguleka kwenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-oxidation kawoyela ekushiseni okuphezulu izokhiqiza ifilimu yopende kanye ne-carbon eboshwe kwi-piston, ukuze ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli wenjini kwande, amandla anciphe, futhi indandatho ye-piston inamathele futhi isilinda idonswe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
6. Ukunakekelwa kabi kohlelo lukaphethiloli: Ukunakekelwa kohlelo lukaphethiloli kuhlanganisa ukufaka isihlungi sikaphethiloli, ukuhlanza i-carburetor noma i-nozzle kaphethiloli kanye nomugqa wokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli. Enqubweni yokushiswa kukaphethiloli ngesekethe kaphethiloli ukuya ekamelweni lokushiswa, kuzokwakha ngokungenakugwenywa amadiphozithi e-gum kanye ne-carbon endaweni yokudlulela kaphethiloli, i-carburetor, i-injector kanye negumbi lokushiswa, kuphazamise ukuhamba kukaphethiloli, kubhubhise isilinganiso esijwayelekile somoya-kaphethiloli, kwenze i-atomization kaphethiloli ibe yimbi, okuholela ekuphefumuleni kwenjini, ukungqongqoza, ukungahlaliseki kahle, ukusheshisa okubi kanye nezinye izinkinga zokusebenza. Ukuhlanza uhlelo lukaphethiloli ngesihlanzi sesistimu kaphethiloli kugcina injini isesimweni esihle ngaso sonke isikhathi.
7. Ukugqwala nokukala kwethangi: Ukugqwala nokukala kwethangi lenjini yizinkinga ezivame kakhulu. Ukugqwala nokukala kuzonciphisa ukuhamba kwesibandisi ohlelweni lokupholisa, kunciphise indima yokushabalalisa ukushisa, kuholele ekushiseni ngokweqile kwenjini, futhi kubangele ngisho nomonakalo wenjini. Ukufuthwa koketshezi olupholile kuzokwakha nezinto ezine-asidi, ukugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi ethangini, okuholela ekulimaleni kwethangi nokuvuza.

8. Ukulungiswa okungahleliwe: Ngokuvamile abantu bathanda ukutshala imali eningi ekuguqulweni, kodwa kulula ukungakunaki ukulungiswa okuhleliwe kwenjini. Ngokusho kwengcweti yokulungisa izimoto enolwazi uthe: "Ezimotweni abazilungisile, ukwehluleka kwemoto okubangelwa ukulungiswa kabi kwenjini kubanga u-50% wokwehluleka okuphelele."
9. Ukulungiswa okungahleliwe: Uhlelo lokupholisa olungajwayelekile lubangela ukushabalaliswa kokushisa kwenjini okungajwayelekile, okuzoholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwenjini futhi kuthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini. Izizathu eziyinhloko zohlelo lokupholisa olungajwayelekile ukwehluleka kwesilawuli sokushisa, ukwehluleka kwerediyetha, ukwehluleka kwefeni, ukuvaleka kwethangi lamanzi njalo njalo.
10. Ukwehluleka kwesihlungi somzimba womoya kanye nesihlungi sikaphethiloli: umjikelezo wokushintsha isihlungi segesi kanye nesihlungi sikaphethiloli ojwayelekile unyaka owodwa noma amakhilomitha angu-40,000, ongandiswa futhi ufushaniswe ngokuya ngelebula likaphethiloli kanye nendawo yokusetshenziswa.
11. Ukwehluleka kwekhoyili yokukhanyisa kanye ne-spark plug: Ukwehluleka kwekhoyili yokukhanyisa kanye ne-spark plug nakho kungaholela ekushodeni kwesilinda, okuholela ekusheshiseni okubuthakathaka. Isibonelo, uma ideshibhodi ibika ukukhanya kwephutha, hlola ikhodi yephutha ukuze ihlaziywe.

12. Ukwehluleka komugqa: Uma imoto itholakala inephunga elibi noma iphunga elivuthayo ngesikhathi sokushayela, kufanele imiswe ngokushesha, ihlole ukuthi kukhona yini umugqa othambile noma ovuthayo ozungeze injini, bese ulungisa umugqa oshile noma onqamule ngesikhathi ukuze ugweme izingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha.
Ⅲ. Intengo yokulungisa yokwehluleka kwenjini enkulu ye-semi-trailer (neShayina njengobubanzi bokubhekisela)
Intengo yokuvuselela izinjini ezahlukene iyahlukahluka kuye ngezinto eziningana ezifana nomodeli, uhlobo lwenjini, indawo kanye nezinga lesitolo sokulungisa. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo zamanani okulungisa ngokusekelwe ekulimaleni okuvamile kwenjini, ukuze kubhekwe kuphela:
1. Uma iphutha lilula, njengomonakalo wezingxenye zesistimu yokushisa, izindleko zokulungisa zingase zibe ziphansi kakhulu. Isibonelo, ukushintsha nje ipulaki yenhlansi, umugqa wesilinda nezinye izingxenye, ngokwesimo esijwayelekile sokulungiswa kwenjini yemoto, izindleko zingase zibe cishe amakhulu ama-yuan, kodwa lokhu kumane kuyisilinganiso esilinganiselwe, ngoba akukho nkomba ethile yedatha yentengo yokulungisa enjalo yezinjini ezinkulu ze-semi-trailer. Uma kungukwehluleka okukhulu, njengokuthi i-piston, i-crankshaft nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile ngaphakathi kwenjini zonakele, izindleko zokulungisa zizokwenyuka kakhulu. Uma kuhilela ukugaya i-crankshaft noma ukushintsha i-crankshaft nethayela, ngokuvamile kungaba ama-yuan angu-3000 ngeloli, kodwa lokhu kuyinani lokubhekisela kuphela, futhi imodeli yangempela ingahluka ngezici ezifana nemodeli.
2. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinjini zinemehluko omkhulu ezindleko zezingxenye zazo. Ezinye izinjini ezithuthukisiwe nezisebenza kahle kakhulu, intengo yezingxenye zazo ngokwayo iphakeme kakhulu, futhi kungaba nzima ukuzithola emakethe, okuzokhulisa izindleko zokulungisa. Isibonelo, amanye amamodeli akhethekile ezinjini ezingenisiwe angadinga ukuthi izingxenye zi-odwe kwamanye amazwe, okuzoletha izindleko ezengeziwe zokuhamba kanye nezindleko zesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe intengo yokulungisa.
3. EShayina, izindleko zabasebenzi kanye namazinga entengo kuhlukile ezifundeni ezahlukene. Ezindaweni ezithuthukile ngokomnotho, njengamadolobha asezingeni lokuqala, izindleko zehora zokulungisa zingase zibe phezulu, kanti kwezinye izindawo ezingathuthukile ngokomnotho, izindleko zehora ziphansi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye ezifundeni ezahlukene kungathinta nentengo yokulungisa, uma izingxenye zendawo kulula ukuzithola, intengo ingase izinzile; Uma izingxenye zidinga ukuthunyelwa kwezinye izifunda, izindleko zingase zikhuphuke.
Uma ukhetha i-semi-trailer enkulu, ungakhetha i-semi-trailer enkulu yenkampani yethu.

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Ⅳ.Indlela yokubhekana nokwehluleka kwenjini ngesikhathi sokushayela
(1) Izinyathelo ezisheshayo okufanele zithathwe
1. Qinisa isiteringi: Uma injini ivaleka ngokuzumayo, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuzinzisa isiteringi nokugwema ukwesaba ohlangothini, ukuze kungabangela ingozi enkulu.
2. Vula isibani sokuxwayisa esikhanyayo kabili: Bheka isimo semoto ngesibuko esingemuva, bese uvula isibani sokuxwayisa esikhanyayo kabili ukuze unikeze izixwayiso ezimotweni.
3. Sebenzisa i-inertia ukuze ume kancane: zama ukusebenzisa i-inertia yemoto ukuze ume endaweni ephephile, bese ubeka i-tripod yesixwayiso ngemuva kwemoto.
(2) Hlola ithangi likaphethiloli kanye nesekethe kawoyela
1. Hlola ukuthi ithangi linophethiloli owanele yini, ngoba uwoyela omncane kakhulu ungenye yezizathu ezivamile zokuthi injini ingaqali.
2. Hlola ukuthi ngabe isekethe kawoyela ijwayelekile yini, okuhlanganisa nokuthi ipayipi kawoyela liphukile yini, ukuthi iphampu kaphethiloli isebenza kahle yini nokuthi indawo yokungena kawoyela ivaliwe yini.
(3) Hlola amabhethri namasekethe
1. Qiniseka ukuthi ibhethri lisebenza kahle, njengoba ukushaja kwebhethri okuphansi kungabangela ukuthi injini yehluleke ukuqala.
2. Hlola ukuthi ikhona yini i-short circuit ku-circuit, okuhlanganisa i-ignition switch, i-starter kanye ne-fuse box.
(4) Hlola izingxenye zemishini yenjini
1. Bheka ukuthi ibhande lenjini likhululekile noma liphukile, okuzobangela ukuthi injini ime.
2. Qaphela ukuthi kukhona yini umsindo ongajwayelekile ngaphakathi kwenjini, uma ukhona, ungazami kalula ukuqalisa imoto, ukuze ungalimazi injini.
(5) Hlola uhlelo lokupholisa kanye nethangi lamanzi
Hlola izinga lokushisa lamanzi kanye nenani lamanzi ethangini lamanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokushabalalisa ukushisa lusebenza kahle ukuze ugweme ukushisa ngokweqile kwenjini ngenxa yokushabalalisa ukushisa okubi.
6. Funa usizo lochwepheshe
Uma imbangela yokwehluleka ingenakutholakala noma inkinga ingenakuxazululwa ngemva kokuzihlola, shayela iloli yokudonsa ngokushesha bese ulinda ukutakulwa.
Ⅴ. Ukulungiswa kwezinjini ezinkulu ze-semi-trailer
(1) Shintsha isihlungi samafutha namafutha njalo
Uwoyela ubaluleke kakhulu enjinini, ungadlala indima ekugcobeni nasekuhlanzeni izingxenye zangaphakathi zenjini. Ukushintsha njalo isihlungi samafutha namafutha kungagcina injini ihlanzekile isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile, isihlungi samafutha namafutha singashintshwa njalo ngamakhilomitha angu-5000-10000 kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwemoto.
(2) Hlola uhlelo lokupholisa
Uhlelo lokupholisa lugcina izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokusebenza kwenjini futhi luvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, hlola uhlelo lokupholisa njalo ukuze kutholakale ukuthi aluvuzi yini nokuthi ingabe i-coolant idinga ukushintshwa.
(3) Hlanza noma shintsha isihlungi somoya
Isihlungi somoya sivimbela uthuli nokungcola ukuthi kungangeni enjinini. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi kushintshwe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayi-10,000-20,000, uma kusetshenziswa endaweni enothuli, umjikelezo wokushintsha kufanele ufinyezwe ngokufanele, futhi kuyadingeka ukuhlanza njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungena kwenjini kuhlanzekile futhi kusebenza ngendlela evamile.
(4) Hlola bese ushintsha ipulaki yenhlansi
I-spark plug idlala indima yokushisa, okuthinta ngqo amandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kwenjini. Kuyadingeka ukuhlola isimo sokusebenza kwe-spark plug njalo, bese uyishintsha ngesikhathi uma kukhona ukushisa okubi kanye nokuqongelela okukhulu kwekhabhoni.
(5) Hlola ibhande
Ibhande lixhunywe kuzo zonke izingxenye zenjini, futhi ukuhlolwa njalo nokushintshwa kwamabhande agugile nagugile kungavimbela ukuphuka kwebhande, ukuze kugwenywe ukuthinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini.
(6) Gcina i-crankcase inomoya omuhle
Igesi engena e-crankcase isuka ekamelweni lokushisa iyagqwala futhi izokhipha uwoyela owonakele futhi ingcolise injini. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-crankcase inomoya omuhle.
(7) Naka izinga likawoyela
1. Gcina izinga likawoyela lijwayelekile: uma inani likawoyela linganele, ngeke nje kusheshise ukuwohloka kukawoyela, kodwa futhi kubangele ukusha kwezingxenye ngenxa yokuntuleka kukawoyela; Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma kunamafutha amaningi kakhulu, uwoyela uzogeleza ungene ekamelweni lokushisa eduze kwesikhala esiphakathi kodonga lwesilinda nendandatho yepiston, okubangela ukuthi injini ishise uwoyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga likawoyela liphezulu kakhulu, okwandisa ukumelana kokuxubana kukawoyela, kwandisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, futhi kwandisa ukuguguleka.
2. Hlola njalo izinga likawoyela: hlola njalo izinga likawoyela wenjini, uma linganele, kufanele lifakwe ngokushesha okukhulu, bese usebenzisa uwoyela ofanele injini, hhayi uwoyela wokwenziwa obiza kakhulu, kungcono, okungcono kakhulu kufanelekile.
(8) Sebenzisa uphethiloli ngokwemigomo
1, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli ngokuhambisana nemithethonqubo: ikhwalithi kaphethiloli inomthelela omkhulu ekushisweni kwenjini, uphethiloli osezingeni eliphansi uzokwenza igumbi lokushisa, i-injector, i-inlet kanye ne-valve nezinye izindawo zikhiqize inani elikhulu le-carbon kanye ne-glue, okwenza injini ingasebenzi kahle, kube nobunzima bokusheshisa nezinye izimo.
2. Naka inani likaphethiloli ethangini: inani likaphethiloli ethangini kufanele ligcinwe kude ngangokunokwenzeka lapho ingxenye yesithathu esele igcwaliswa ngophethiloli, ukuze iphampu kaphethiloli ethangini ikwazi ukuqeda ukushisa kahle futhi iqinisekise ukuthi iphampu kaphethiloli ihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele.
(9) Ukugcinwa njalo kwemizila kawoyela wenjini kanye negesi
Isekethe kawoyela kanye nesekethe yegesi yenjini kuyahlanzwa njalo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwenjini nokunciphisa amathuba okwehluleka.
(10) Uma uqala injini esimweni sokubanda, idinga ukushiswa
Uma izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lijwayelekile, ukumelana nokusebenza, ukuguguleka, ukuzinza kokusebenza kanye nezinye izici phakathi kwezingxenye zenjini kungcono kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma uqala injini esimweni sokubanda, injini idinga ukushiswa.
(11) Lawula isivinini senjini ngenkathi ushayela
Uma ushayela, zama ukugcina isivinini senjini singaphansi kwesikali esibomvu se-tachometer ukuze ugweme ukusebenza ngokweqile kwenjini. Izimoto zokudlulisa ngesandla akufanele zidonse kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
(12) Hlola umsindo wenjini njalo
Qala injini ithule ukuze ingasebenzi futhi isheshise injini, bese ulalela ukuthi umsindo wenjini ujwayelekile yini. Umsindo wokusebenza kwenjini okuvamile kufanele ube phansi futhi ujwayelekile, uma kunomsindo obukhali, sicela uye esitolo sokulungisa ngokushesha ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa ukuze ugweme umonakalo omkhulu obangelwa yiphutha.
Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo zokulungisa kungaqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lukagesi lwe-semi-trailer enkulu futhi kuthuthukise ukuphepha kokushayela.

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