Zolakwika ndi kukonza kwa semi-trailer -------- zolakwika za axle ndi suspension

一、Momwe mungadziwire ngati gawo lalikulu laKalavani ali ndi vuto la axle ndi suspension

(一) Yang'anani mawonekedwe ake ndikuwona ziwalo zake

1.Yang'anani mawonekedwe a axle:Yang'anani ngati ekseli ili ndi mawonekedwe oonekera bwino, kusweka, ming'alu kapena kuwonongeka. Ngati vutoli litachitika pa ekseli, likhoza kusonyeza kuti ekseli yawonongeka.

2.Yang'anani zigawo za dongosolo loyimitsidwa:Onani ngati kasupe wa masamba wasweka kapena wawonongeka. Ngati kasupe wa masamba wawonongeka kapena wasweka, ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yake.Onani ngati manja a rabara kumapeto onse a ndodo yomangira ali bwino. Ngati malaya a rabara awonongeka, ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yake.

Yesani kukhazikika kwa kuyendetsa galimoto

1.Mayeso oyendetsa galimoto: Mu malo otetezeka, fulumizitsani liwiro linalake, kenako brake mwamphamvu. Yang'anani ngati galimotoyo ikuwoneka ikugwedezeka, kupatuka ndi zinthu zina zachilendo. Ngati galimotoyo si yokhazikika, ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa axle kapena suspension system.

2.Kumvetsera malo: Pa nthawi yoyendetsa galimoto, samalani ngati galimotoyo ili ndi mawu osayenera. Ngati mumva kugwedezeka kwa axle kapena suspension system, kudina ndi mawu ena, muyenera kuwona ngati yawonongeka pakapita nthawi.

(三) Yang'anani makina oimitsa mpweya (ngati alipo)

1.Yang'anirani kutalika kwa thupi: Pambuyo poti makina oimitsa mpweya agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi ndithu, zimakhala zosavuta kukhala ndi kutalika kosasinthasintha mbali zonse ziwiri. Ngati thupi lili pamwamba mbali imodzi ndi pansi mbali inayo, ndipo kugwedezeka kuli kwamphamvu mukakumana ndi misewu yodzaza ndi mikwingwirima, mwina makina oimitsa mpweya alephera.

2.Chongani sensa ndi chingwe chamagetsi: yang'anani ngati sensa yokwera ndi sensa yofulumira zili ndi vuto. Yang'anani chipangizo chowongolera mpweya kapena zingwe zamagetsi za dongosolo kuti muwone ngati pali vuto.

Zinthu ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa axle ndi kuyimitsidwa

(a) Kulephera kwa ekseli

1Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosalimba:ubwino wa chitsulo chogwiritsidwa ntchito mu Fakitale Yogulitsa Magalimoto Oyendera Magalimoto Silibwino, lomwe silingathe kunyamula katundu wopangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti girder isweke.

2.Chepetsani zofunikira za girder: Pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama, fakitale ya ngoloyo inadula ngodya, makamaka kuti ichepetse zofunikira za girder, yomwe poyamba inali ndi mbale 14 zokhuthala, zomwe zinachepetsedwa kufika pa 10 zokhuthala, ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito sakudziwa, komanso malinga ndi mphamvu yonyamulira ya 14 zokhuthala kuti akoke katundu, girder imagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo kusweka kwake ndikoyenera.

3.Webusaiti ya girder: Kuwonjezera pa kuchepetsa zofunikira za girder, ena osakhulupirika Wopanga MathirakitalaKuti tisunge ndalama, ukonde wa girder umalumikizidwa ndi zidutswa ziwiri zazifupi zachitsulo, mphamvu yonyamula katundu ndi yoipa kwambiri kuposa yonse, tinganene kuti "girder yosweka" ya fakitale, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kusamala kuti ayang'ane akagula galimoto.

4.Kuwotcherera sikunawotcheddwe bwino: Kuwonjezera pa kusweka kwa ukonde wa girder, palinso vuto la kusweka kwa mapiko apansi, zifukwa zazikulu za izi ndi mfundo ziwiri, chimodzi ndi vuto laukadaulo la wowotcherera, china ndi chakuti magetsi sakhazikika akawotcherera, ndipo kuwotcherera sikuli bwino.

(二) Kulephera kuyimitsidwa

1.Chiwongolero cholemera kapena kusakhazikika bwino kwa chiwongolero: malo osakhazikika bwino a mawilo kapena kuthamanga kwa matayala kosazolowereka, mafuta osakwanira, cholumikizira cha mkono chowongolera choyimitsidwa chagwira kapena kuonongeka.

2.Kuyimitsidwa kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti thupi lizigubuduzika kwambiri: choyatsira shock chawonongeka, kulimba kwa ndodo yokhazikika kwafooka kapena ndodo yolumikizira yawonongeka, ndipo ndodo yowongolera yopingasa kapena mkono wowongolera wotsikira pansi wawonongeka kwambiri.

3.Shaft yolumikizira magiya yolumikizirana yonse imakhala ndi phokoso: shaft yotumizira yawonongeka, ndipo cholumikizira cha universal chawonongeka kwambiri.

4.Kugwedezeka kapena kupotoka kwa gudumu lakutsogolo loyimitsidwa: kuwonongeka kwa mabearing, kupotoka kwa wheel hub, kumasuka kwa wheel steel ring bolt, kusalingana kwa wheel, malo a front wheel angle si yolondola, ower swing arm kapena cross tie rod ball pin closure kapena lotayirira, kusokonekera kwa shock absorber kutsogolo kumanzere ndi kumanja, steering knuckle, shock absorber ndi lower swing arm fastening bolts lotayirira, kusagwirizana kwa mpweya wa mawilo akutsogolo.

5.Phokoso loyimitsidwa losazolowereka: chigoba cha rabara chisanayambe komanso chitatha mkono wogwedezeka, kukalamba kapena kuwonongeka, kasupe wa coil walephera kapena kupindika, ndodo ya pistoni ndi silinda ya chogwedeza kugunda zawonongeka kwambiri, ndipo mabotolo olumikizira a chogwedeza kugunda, chitsulo chowongolera ndi mkono wogwedezeka zamasuka.

Mtengo wa kukonza cholakwika cha axle ndi suspension (ndi China ngati njira yofotokozera)

Mtengo wokonza mavuto osiyanasiyana amagetsi umasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa makina amagetsi, malo, ndi mulingo wa malo okonzera. Izi ndi zina mwa mitengo yokonzera malinga ndi mavuto wamba amakina amagetsi, kuti mungotchulapo izi:

(一) Kusamalira kosiyana

1. Chosiyanacho chimapangidwa makamaka ndi magiya a theka la shaft la kumanzere ndi kumanja, magiya awiri a mapulaneti ndi mafelemu a magiya, ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu ndikupangitsa magudumu akumanzere ndi kumanja kugwedezeka pa liwiro losiyana galimoto ikatembenuka kapena kuyendetsa pamsewu wosagwirizana, ndiko kuti, kuonetsetsa kuti mbali ziwiri za gudumu loyendetsa zikuyenda bwino.

2. Axle ya semi-trailer nthawi zambiri imakhala yopanda chosiyanitsa, axle yakumbuyo ya mutu wokoka yokha ndiyo yokhala ndi chosiyanitsa (palinso kusiyana kwa pakati pa axle yapakati ndi yakumbuyo).

3. Kusiyana kwa ndalama zokonzera ndi kwakukulu, komwe kungakhale ma yuan mazana angapo, ma yuan zikwi ziwiri kapena zitatu, kapena ma yuan zikwi makumi ambiri. Mtengo wake umadalira kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chosiyanitsa, zida zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa, ndi njira yogulira mitengo ya shopu yokonzera.

(二) Kuchotsa ndi kukonza chitsulo chakumbuyo

1. Maola ogwira ntchito: Nthawi zambiri zimatenga maola 5-7.

2. Mtengo: Kawirikawiri pakati pa 2500 ndi 4000 yuan, koma mtengo wake umasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa galimotoyo, malo ake komanso malo okonzera.

(三) Ndalama zoyimitsa kukonza

1. Ndalama zokonzera zimasiyana malinga ndi kuopsa kwa kuwonongeka kwa kuyimitsidwa ndi ziwalo zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa.

2. Kusintha pang'ono kwa kuyimitsidwa kungafunike kusintha kwapafupi, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika.

3. Ngati makina oimika magalimoto awonongeka kapena akufunika kusinthidwa ndi zinthu zofunika (monga zoziziritsa kukhosi, masipiringi, ndi zina zotero), mtengo wake ungakwere kwambiri.

Dziwani kuti mitengo yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi yongogwiritsidwa ntchito pongoganizira, ndipo mtengo wake udzatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi chitsanzo, dera komanso momwe malo okonzera magetsi alili. Mukakonza makina amagetsi, muyenera kusankha malo okonzera magalimoto okhala ndi ziyeneretso zaukadaulo komanso mbiri yabwino kuti muwonetsetse kuti kukonza ndi kuyendetsa bwino galimoto kuli bwino.

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Kusamalira zolakwika za axle ndi suspension zomwe zapezeka panthawi yoyendetsa galimoto

1. Sinthani ziwalo zomwe zawonongeka: Ngati kuwunikako kwapeza kuti gawo la suspension kapena axle lawonongeka, monga ndodo yolumikizira, mutu wa mpira, guluu wa swing arm buffer, ndi zina zotero, ziyenera kusinthidwa ndi gawo latsopano mwachangu momwe zingathere.

2. Sinthani kuthamanga kwa tayala: Ngati kuthamanga kwa tayala sikukwanira, pampu ya mpweya wonyamulika iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kuthamanga kwa tayala kukhala koyenera.

3. Konzani malo a gudumu lakutsogoloNgati malo a gudumu lakutsogolo sali olondola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gudumu lakutsogolo lizimitsidwe kapena kupotoka, mtolo wakutsogolo ndi camber ya gudumu lakutsogolo ziyenera kukonzedwa.

4. Pakani mafuta olumikizirana ndi mkono woyimitsa: Ngati cholumikizira cha mkono chowongolera cha suspension sichinapake mafuta, chalumidwa kapena chawonongeka, chiyenera kupakidwa mafuta kapena kusinthidwa.

5. Sinthani shaft yoyendetsera galimoto kapena universal-jointNgati shaft yoyendetsera galimoto ya universal-joint suspension ili ndi phokoso, mwina ndi kusintha kwa shaft yoyendetsera galimoto kapena kuwonongeka kwa shaft yoyendetsera galimoto kwakula kwambiri, iyenera kusinthidwa ndi shaft yatsopano yoyendetsera galimoto kapena shaft yoyendetsera galimoto ya universal-joint.

Dziwani kuti njira izi ndi zadzidzidzi zokha ndipo sizitsimikizira chitetezo chokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, tiyenera kulimbikitsa kukonzanso ndi kusamalira makina amagetsi kuti titsimikizire kuti galimotoyo ili bwino kuti tipewe zochitika zoopsa monga kulephera kwa makina amagetsi.

Kukonza chitsulo chachikulu cha theka-ngolo ndi kuyimitsidwa

(1) Kukonza chitsulo chogwirira ntchito

1.Kuyang'ana matayala: Yang'anani nthawi zonse kuthamanga kwa tayala kuti muwonetsetse kuti lili mkati mwa mulingo woyenera kuti muchepetse kutopa kwa tayala ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwa mayendedwe. Yang'anani kutopa kwa matayala, sinthani matayala ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu pakapita nthawi, ndikuletsa ngozi zachitetezo zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi mavuto a matayala.

2.Kukonza ma Hub bearing: nthawi iliyonse (monga makilomita 50,000 aliwonse), kukonza ma hub bearing, kuphatikizapo kuyeretsa mafuta akale, kuyang'ana mphete ya bearing ndi mpando, kuyang'ana malo oimika ma bearing. Mukatsuka, ikani mafuta atsopano kuti muwonetsetse kuti ma bearing ali bwino. Kuti axle isakonzedwe, ngakhale kuti nthawi yokonza ndi yayitali, ndikofunikirabe kuyang'ana nthawi zonse ngati zomangira, ma hubcaps awonongeka, mafuta akutuluka, ndi mafuta a giya aipitsidwa.

3.Kumangirira kwa bolt ndi mtedza: Nthawi zonse onani ngati mabotolo ndi mtedza wa gudumu ndi makina oimitsa magalimoto alumikizidwa kuti apewe ngozi zachitetezo zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha kumasuka. Makamaka pambuyo pa katundu woyamba wa axle yatsopano, ndikofunikira kuwona momwe mabotolo ndi mtedza zimagwirira ntchito.

4.Kuyang'ana dongosolo la mabuleki: yang'anani nthawi zonse makulidwe a mbale yolumikizira nsapato ya brake ndipo ngati pali kumasuka, monga makulidwe ake ndi ochepera kuposa mtengo womwe watchulidwa kapena pali kumasuka, iyenera kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi. Yang'anani m'mimba mwake ndi pamwamba pa brake, ngati m'mimba mwake ndi wochepera kuposa mtengo womwe watchulidwa kapena pamwamba pa brake pali ming'alu yosalekeza, iyeneranso kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi.

(二) Kukonza makina oyimitsa

1. Kuyang'ana kasupe wa masamba ndi denga lalikulu: Nthawi zonse onani ngati kasupe wa masamba kapena mtanda waukulu mu dongosolo loyimitsira wasweka kuti muwonetsetse kuti dongosolo loyimitsira likugwira ntchito bwino.

2. Kupaka mafuta otsetsereka: Onjezani mafuta pang'ono kumapeto otsetsereka a zinthu zotsetsereka ndi ma spring a masamba kuti muchepetse kukangana ndi kuwonongeka.

3. Kuyang'anira zomangira: Nthawi zonse onani ngati zomangira za makina oimitsa zidatayikira kapena zawonongeka kuti muwonetsetse kuti makina oimitsa adakhazikika komanso otetezeka.

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