Amakosa asanzwe hamwe n'uburyo bwo kuyabungabunga -------- amakosa yo ku mukingo n'ayo guhagarara

一, Uburyo bwo kumenya niba igice kininiAkamashini gatwara ibintu ifite ikibazo cyo kunanirwa kw'umuzingo n'ingufu zo guhagarika

(一) Reba uko ibintu bimeze hanyuma urebe neza ibice byabyo

1.Reba uko inkingi igaragara:Reba niba umutambiko ufite ububobere bugaragara, wacitsemo ibice, wacitsemo ibice cyangwa wasaze. Iyo ibi byavuzwe haruguru bigaragaye ku mutambiko, bishobora kugaragaza ko umutambiko wangiritse.

2.Reba ibice bya sisitemu yo guhagarika:Reba niba isoko y'amababi yangiritse cyangwa yangiritse. Niba isoko y'amababi yangiritse cyangwa yangiritse, igomba gusimbuzwa igihe.Reba niba amaboko y'ipamba ku mpera zombi z'inkoni yo gufataho imeze neza. Niba isoko y'ipamba yangiritse, igomba gusimbuzwa igihe.

（二）Gerageza uburyo bwo gutwara neza

1.Ikizamini cyo gutwara imodoka: Mu mwanya utekanye, shyira umuvuduko ku muvuduko runaka, hanyuma ufate feri cyane. Reba niba imodoka isa n'inyeganyega, ihindagurika n'izindi ndwara zidasanzwe. Iyo imodoka idahagaze neza, ishobora guterwa no kwangirika kwa sisitemu yo kuyihagarika cyangwa kuyihagarika.

2.Gutega amatwi aho ibintu biherereye: Mu gihe cyo gutwara imodoka, witondere niba imodoka ifite amajwi adasanzwe. Niba wumvise urusaku rw'umuzingo cyangwa sisitemu yo guhagarara, gukanda n'andi majwi, ugomba kugenzura niba yangiritse ku gihe.

（三） Reba uburyo bwo guhagarika umwuka (niba buhari)

1.Reba uburebure bw'umubiri: Nyuma y'igihe runaka, byoroshye kugira uburebure budahuye ku mpande zombi. Iyo umubiri uri hejuru ku ruhande rumwe n'uri hasi ku rundi, kandi ukunyeganyega kukaba gukomeye iyo uhuye n'imihanda irimo imigozi, bishobora kuba ari ukunanirwa kwa sisitemu yo guhagarika umwuka.

2.Reba sensor n'umurongo w'amashanyarazi: reba niba sensor y'uburebure na sensor yo kwihutisha ifite ikibazo. Reba icyuma gicunga umwuka cyangwa imirongo y'amashanyarazi ya sisitemu kugira ngo urebe niba hari amakosa.

Ibintu n'impamvu bituma umugozi unanirwa gukora neza no guhagarika icyuma

(a) Kunanirwa kw'ikirenge

1.Ikoreshwa ry'icyuma gito:ubwiza bw'icyuma gikoreshwa mu Uruganda rw'amakamyo ntabwo ari nziza, idashobora kwikorera umutwaro wagenewe, bigatuma umugozi ucika.

2.Gabanya ibipimo by'imigozi: Kugira ngo bazigame ikiguzi, uruganda rw’imodoka rugabanya impande, ahanini kugira ngo bagabanye imiterere y’umugozi, wari ufite ubugari bwa plaque 14 zihagaze, wagabanijweho ubugari bwa 10, kandi umukoresha ntabizi, ariko kandi hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwo gutwara 14 bunini bwo gukurura ibicuruzwa, umugozi umara igihe kirekire ugakora akazi ko gucikamo ibice nabyo birakwiye.

3.Urubuga rwa girder: Uretse kugabanya ibipimo by'igitambaro, hari n'abatari inyangamugayo Uruganda rw'amatarataraKugira ngo habeho kuzigama ikiguzi, urushundura rw'umugozi ruhujwe n'ibice bibiri bigufi by'icyuma, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu ni bubi cyane kurusha byose, twavuga ko "umugozi wangiritse" w'uruganda, umukoresha agomba kwitondera kugenzura iyo aguze imodoka.

4.Gusudira ntibisukwa neza: usibye kuvunika kw'urukuta rw'umugozi, hari n'ikibazo cyo gucika kw'amababa yo hasi, impamvu nyamukuru zibitera ni ingingo ebyiri, imwe ni ikibazo cya tekiniki cy'umusudi, indi ni uko voltage idahindagurika mu gihe cyo gusudira, kandi gusudira ntikuba kumeze neza.

Kunanirwa guhagarika

1.Ipine y'umuyoboro ikomeye cyangwa ipine y'umuyoboro idakora neza: aho amapine ahagaze nabi cyangwa umuvuduko udasanzwe w'amapine, amavuta make yo kwisiga, aho umupira w'ukuboko uhagarara cyangwa wangiritse.

2.Guhagarika umubiri bituma umubiri uzunguruka cyane: icyuma gifata umuyaga cyangiritse, uburebure bw'inkoni ifata umuyaga buragabanuka cyangwa inkoni ihuza umuyaga yangiritse, kandi inkoni ifata umuyaga cyangwa ukuboko ko hasi guhagarara kwangiritse cyane.

3.Umugozi wo gukwirakwiza amakuru uhuza impande zose ufite urusaku: umugozi wo kohereza ubutumwa warangiritse, kandi igice cy’inyuma cy’umubiri cyarashaje cyane.

4.Ipine y'imbere irazunguruka cyangwa ihindagurika: Kwangirika kw'ibireti, kunyuranya kw'aho amapine ahagarara, umugozi w'icyuma urekura, kudahuza kw'amapine, aho amapine ahagarara imbere, inguni ntikwiye, ukuboko kw'inguni cyangwa inkoni yo kugonga umupira w'amaguru birangirika cyangwa birarekuye, icyuma cyo gukubita icyuma imbere ibumoso n'iburyo cyangiritse cyangwa kirahinduka, icyuma cyo kuyobora, umugozi ufata icyuma n'icyuma cyo hasi gifunga icyuma kirarekuye, umuvuduko w'umwuka w'amapine abiri y'imbere ntuhuza.

5.Ijwi ridasanzwe ryo guhagarika: agace k'icyuma gafata icyuma mbere na nyuma yuko ukuboko guhindagurika kwangirika, kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika, impera y'icyuma iracika cyangwa iragondamye, inkoni ya piston na silindiri by'icyuma gifata icyuma birangirika cyane, kandi imigozi yo guhuza icyuma gifata icyuma, urutoki rw'icyuma n'ukuboko guhindagurika birarekuye.

Igiciro cyo gusana icyuma gishyushye n'icyuma gihagarika (Ubushinwa nk'urwego rw'ibanze)

Igiciro cyo gusana ibibazo bitandukanye by’amashanyarazi gitandukana bitewe n’ibintu byinshi, harimo icyitegererezo, ubwoko bw’amashanyarazi, aho aherereye, n’urwego rw’aho asanirwa. Ibi bikurikira ni bimwe mu biciro rusange byo gusana bishingiye ku bibazo bisanzwe by’amashanyarazi, kugira ngo bigerweho gusa:

（一）Uburinzi bw'itandukaniro

1. Itandukaniro rigizwe ahanini na vitesi z'ibumoso n'iburyo, vitesi ebyiri z'imibumbe n'amapine y'ibiziga, kandi akazi kayo k'ingenzi ni ugutuma ibiziga by'ibumoso n'iburyo bizunguruka ku muvuduko utandukanye iyo imodoka izunguruka cyangwa igenda ku muhanda utaringaniye, ni ukuvuga kugenzura ko impande zombi z'uruziga rw'imodoka zizunguruka neza.

2. Umuzingo w'ikiraro cy'inyuma muri rusange ntuba ufite intera ihindagurika, umuzingo w'inyuma w'umutwe w'ifata ni wo gusa ufite intera ihindagurika (hari kandi itandukaniro hagati y'umuzingo wo hagati n'uw'inyuma).

3. Itandukaniro mu mafaranga yo kubungabunga ni rinini, rishobora kuba amayuni amagana menshi, amayuni ibihumbi bibiri cyangwa bitatu, cyangwa amayuni ibihumbi icumi. Ikiguzi giterwa n'ingano y'ibyangiritse ku gipimo, ibice bigomba gusimburwa, n'ingamba zo kugena ibiciro by'aho basanira.

（二） Gusesa no kubungabunga umutambiko w'inyuma

1. Amasaha y'akazi: Muri rusange bifata amasaha 5-7.

2. Ikiguzi: Ubusanzwe hagati ya 2500 na 4000 yuan, ariko ikiguzi cyihariye gishobora gutandukana bitewe n'icyitegererezo, aho giherereye n'aho gikorerwa.

（三） Amafaranga yo kubungabunga ihagarikwa ry'imodoka

1. Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga kiratandukanye bitewe n'uburemere bw'ibyangiritse byo guhagarara ndetse n'ibice bigomba gusimburwa.

2. Guhindura gato imiyoboro bishobora gusaba gusa ko habaho ihinduka ry’aho utuye, kandi igiciro ni gito.

3. Iyo sisitemu yo gufunga yangiritse mu buryo bugaragara cyangwa ikeneye gusimbuzwa ibice by'ingenzi (nk'ibinyabiziga bigabanya umuriro, amasoko, nibindi), ikiguzi gishobora kwiyongera cyane.

Menya ko ibiciro byavuzwe haruguru ari ibyo kwitabwaho gusa, kandi igiciro cyihariye kizagenwa hakurikijwe icyitegererezo, akarere n'uko iduka risanwa rihagaze. Mu gusana sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, ugomba guhitamo iduka risanwa rifite ubumenyi bw'umwuga kandi rizwi neza kugira ngo rirebe ko rikora neza kandi ritekanye mu kubungabunga no gutwara imodoka.

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Uburyo bwo guhangana n'ibibazo byo guhagarara kw'imizigo n'imizigo byagaragaye mu gihe cyo gutwara

1. Simbuza ibice byangiritse: Iyo igenzura risanze igice cy'umugozi cyangwa umutambiko cyangiritse, nk'inkoni ihuza, umutwe w'umupira, kole ifata ukuboko, n'ibindi, bigomba gusimbuzwa ikindi gice vuba bishoboka.

2. Hindura umuvuduko w'ipine: Niba umuvuduko w'ipine udahagije, pompe y'umwuka igendanwa igomba gukoreshwa mu guhuza umuvuduko w'ipine n'agaciro gasanzwe.

3. Kosora aho uruziga rw'imbere ruherereye: Niba aho uruziga rw'imbere ruhagaze nabi, bigatuma uruzunguruko rw'uruziga rw'imbere ruhagarara cyangwa rugahinduka, umugozi w'imbere n'umugozi w'uruziga rw'imbere bigomba gukosorwa.

4. Siga amavuta ku ruhande rw'umupira w'ukuboko ukoreshwa mu gusimbuza: Niba igice cy'umupira w'ukuboko gikoreshwa mu gusimbuza kidakozwe neza, cyarumwe cyangwa cyangiritse, kigomba gusigwa amavuta cyangwa gusimburwa.

5. Simbuza umugozi wo gutwara cyangwa umugozi uhuza ibintu byose: Niba umugozi w’imodoka uhuza amashami yose ufite urusaku, bishobora kuba ari ukugabanuka k’umugozi w’imodoka cyangwa kwangirika k’umugozi w’imodoka yose, bigomba gusimbuzwa umugozi mushya w’imodoka cyangwa umugozi w’imodoka yose.

Menya ko izi ngamba zigenewe ibibazo byihutirwa gusa kandi si garanti yuzuye y’umutekano. Ubusanzwe, tugomba kongera ingufu mu kuvugurura no kubungabunga sisitemu y’amashanyarazi kugira ngo twirinde ko imodoka imeze neza kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho ibintu biteje akaga nko kwangirika kw’isitemu y’amashanyarazi.

Kubungabunga umugozi munini wa semi-trailer n'umuyoboro wo gusunika

(一) Kubungabunga umukingo w'axle

1.Igenzura ry'amapine: Suzuma buri gihe umuvuduko w'ipine kugira ngo urebe ko iri mu rugero rusanzwe kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika kw'ipine no kunoza uburyo imodoka ihagaze neza. Suzuma kwangirika kw'ipine, usimbuze kwangirika gukomeye kw'ipine ku gihe, kandi wirinde impanuka z'umutekano ziterwa n'ibibazo by'ipine.

2.Gusana ibyuma bikingira urugomero: buri gihe (nk'uko bigenda buri kilometero 50.000), kubungabunga icyuma gikingira icyuma, harimo gusukura amavuta ashaje, kugenzura impeta y'icyuma gikingira icyuma n'intebe, kugenzura aho icyuma gikingira icyuma giherereye. Nyuma yo gusukura, shyira amavuta mashya kugira ngo urebe ko icyuma gikingira ...

3.Gufata bolt n'imbuto: Reba buri gihe niba imigozi n'imigozi by'uruziga n'imigozi bihambiriye kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi ziterwa no gucika intege. Cyane cyane nyuma yo gukurura umugozi mushya, ni ngombwa kugenzura uko imigozi n'imigozi bihambiriye.

4.Igenzura rya sisitemu ya feri: genzura buri gihe ubunini bw'icyuma gifunga inkweto za feri kandi niba hari ukurekura, urugero nk'ubunini buri munsi y'agaciro kagenwe cyangwa hari ukurekura, bigomba gusimburwa mu gihe. Genzura umurambararo w'imbere n'ubuso bw'ingunguru ya feri, niba umurambararo w'imbere uri munsi y'agaciro kagenwe cyangwa ubuso bw'ingunguru bufite imitumba ihoraho, bugomba no gusimburwa mu gihe.

（二）Gusana sisitemu yo guhagarika

1. Igenzura ry'impeshyi y'amababi n'umuraba mukuru: Reba buri gihe niba isoko y'amababi cyangwa igiti kinini kiri muri sisitemu yo guhagarika cyaracitse kugira ngo urebe neza ko sisitemu yo guhagarika ikora neza.

2. Gusiga amavuta ku bice binyerera: Shyiramo amavuta make ku mpera y'ibice binyerera n'amasoko y'amababi kugira ngo ugabanye kwangirika no kwangirika.

3. Igenzura ry'ibifunga: Reba buri gihe niba ibifunga bya sisitemu yo guhagarika birekuye cyangwa byangiritse kugira ngo urebe neza ko sisitemu yo guhagarika ihagaze neza kandi ifite umutekano.

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