Cilladaha iyo dayactirka caadiga ah ee gaari-jiid-gaaban ------ Cilladaha dariiqa iyo ganaaxa

Sidee loo go'aamiyaa in nus- weynGaariga Xamuulka ah wuxuu leeyahay cillad dariiqa iyo ganaaxa

（一）U fiirso muuqaalka oo hubi qaybaha

1.Hubi muuqaalka axle-ka:U fiirso in dhidibku leeyahay qaab-dhismeed muuqda, jabka, dildilaaca ama duugowga. Haddii xaaladda kor ku xusan ay ka dhacdo dhidibka, waxay muujin kartaa in dhidibku uu dhaawacmay.

2.Hubi qaybaha nidaamka joojinta: Hubi in isha caleenta ay jabtay ama ay dhaawacantay. Haddii isha caleenta ay dhaawacantay ama ay jabtay, waa in lagu beddelaa waqtigii loogu talagalay. Hubi in gacmaha caagga ah ee labada daraf ee usha xadhiggu ay xaalad wanaagsan ku jiraan. Haddii gacanta caaggu ay dhaawacntay, waa in lagu beddelaa waqtigii loogu talagalay.

(二) Tijaabi xasilloonida wadista

1.Imtixaanka wadista: Deegaan ammaan ah, ku degdeg xawaare gaar ah, ka dibna si adag u jooji bareegga. U fiirso in gaarigu u muuqdo mid gariiraya, leexasho iyo xaalado kale oo aan caadi ahayn. Haddii gaarigu aanu degganayn, waxaa sababi kara burbur soo gaaray axle ama nidaamka joojinta.

2.Dhageysiga goobta: inta lagu jiro habka wadista, fiiro gaar ah u yeelo in gaarigu leeyahay dhawaaqyo aan caadi ahayn. Haddii aad maqasho jab, gujin iyo dhawaaqyo kale oo axle ah ama nidaamka joojinta ah, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad hubiso in uu burburay waqtigii loogu talagalay.

(三) Hubi nidaamka hawo-joojinta (haddii ay khuseyso)

1.Fiiri dhererka jirka: Ka dib marka nidaamka hawo-joojinta la isticmaalo muddo, way fududahay in la helo dherer aan iswaafaqsanayn labada dhinac. Haddii jirku dhinac sare uga jiro dhinaca kalena uu hooseeyo, gariirkuna uu xooggan yahay marka uu la kulmayo waddooyin qallafsan, waxay noqon kartaa cillad ku timid nidaamka hawo-joojinta.

2.Hubi dareemaha iyo khadka korontada: hubi in dareemaha dhererka iyo dareemaha dardargelinta ay cilladaysan yihiin. Hubi cilladaha cutubka xakamaynta hawo-mareenka ama khadadka korontada nidaamka.

二、Arrimaha iyo sababaha keena fashilka dariiqa iyo joojinta

(a) Cilad ku timid dariiqa

1Isticmaalka birta liidata:tayada birta girder-ka ee loo isticmaalo gudaha Warshadda Jiid-gaaban ma fiicna, kaas oo aan qaadi karin culayska loogu talagalay, taasoo keenta jab ku dhaca godka.

2.Yaree qeexitaannada girder-kaSi loo badbaadiyo kharashyada, warshadda jiidista ayaa gooysay geesaha, inta badan si loo yareeyo qeexitaannada godka, kaas oo asal ahaan ahaa 14 saxan oo toosan oo qaro weyn, ayaa laga dhigay 10 dhumuc, isticmaaluhuna ma oga, laakiin sidoo kale sida ku xusan awoodda qaadida ee 14 dhumuc oo alaab ah, guntiga ayaa shaqeynaya culeyska muddada dheer, jabka sidoo kale waa macquul.

3.Shabakadda GirderMarka laga soo tago yareynta qeexitaannada girder-ka, qaar aan daacad ahayn Soo-saaraha Gaariga Jiidashadasi loo badbaadiyo kharashyada, shabakadda birta waxaa ku xiran laba bir oo gaagaaban, awoodda qaadistu hubaal way ka sii daran tahay guud ahaan, waxaa la dhihi karaa warshad "dhar jabtay", isticmaaluhu waa inuu fiiro gaar ah u yeeshaa hubinta marka uu iibsanayo gaari.

4.Alxanku si fiican uma tolmo: marka laga soo tago jabitaanka shabakadda ee godka, waxaa sidoo kale jira dhacdada dildilaaca baalka hoose, sababaha ugu waaweyn ee tan waa laba dhibcood, mid waa dhibaatada farsamo ee alxanka, tan kalena waa danabku waa mid aan degganayn marka alxanka la isticmaalayo, alxankuna si fiican uma shaqeeyo.

(二) Cilad joojin

1.Isteerinka culus ama isteerinka oo liita: booska taayirada oo aan habboonayn ama cadaadis taayir oo aan caadi ahayn, saliidayn liidata, kala-goysyada kubbadda gacanta ee xakamaynta joojinta oo ku dheggan ama dhaawacmay.

2.Joojintu waxay keentaa in jidhku aad u rogrogo: nuugaha shoogga ayaa waxyeelloobay, dabacsanaanta usha xasilinta ayaa daciifta ama usha isku xirta ayaa dhaawacma, usha xakamaynta ee isdhaafka ah ama gacanta xakamaynta joojinta hoosena si xun ayay u duugowday.

3.Usha gudbinta ee caalamiga ah ee joojinta waxay leedahay buuq: usha gudbinta ayaa qalloocan, kala-goysyada guudna si xun ayay u duugoobeen.

4.Lug ama weecin giraangiraha hore ee joojinta: dhaawaca nuugista, leexashada xarunta giraangiraha, dabcinta birta giraangiraha, dheelitir la'aanta giraangiraha, booska giraangiraha hore waa khaldan yahay, gacanta lulid ee geeska ama ul iskutallaabta ah xirashada biinka kubbadda ama dabacsanaanta, dhaawaca ama qaab-dhismeedka nuugista shoogga hore ee bidix iyo midig, laabta isteerinka, nuugista shoogga iyo boolal gacanta lulid hoose oo dabacsan, laba isku-dhafan oo aan iswaafaqsanayn cadaadiska hawada ee giraangiraha hore.

5.Dhawaaq aan caadi ahayn oo ganaax ah: kabka caagga ah ka hor iyo ka dib marka gacanta luliddu duugowdo, gabowday ama dhaawacanto, gu'ga gariiradda ayaa xumaada ama qaloocsan, usha bistoonka iyo silinda ee nuugaha shoogga ayaa si xun u duugoobay, boolal isku xira ee nuugaha shoogga, laabta isteerinka iyo gacanta lulidduna waa dabacsan yihiin.

Qiimaha dayactirka qaladka dhidibka iyo ganaaxa (iyadoo Shiinaha uu yahay nooca tixraaca)

Qiimaha dayactirka dhibaatooyinka nidaamka korontada ee kala duwan way kala duwan yihiin iyadoo ku xiran dhowr arrimood, oo ay ku jiraan nooca, nooca nidaamka korontada, goobta, iyo heerka dukaanka dayactirka. Kuwa soo socda waa qaar ka mid ah qiimaha guud ee dayactirka iyadoo lagu saleynayo dhibaatooyinka nidaamka korontada ee caadiga ah, oo loogu talagalay tixraac ahaan:

(一) Dayactir kala duwan

1. Kala duwanaanshaha waxaa inta badan ka kooban yahay geerka bidix iyo midig ee badhtamaha shabagga, laba geer meere iyo qaab-dhismeedyo geer ah, shaqadeeduna waa inay ka dhigto giraangiraha bidix iyo midig inay ku wareegaan xawaare kala duwan marka gaarigu leexdo ama ku socdo dusha sare ee wadada aan sinnayn, taas oo ah, si loo hubiyo in labada dhinac ee giraangiraha wadista ay u dhaqaaqaan si saafi ah.

2. Axle-ka jiid-jiidashada ee nus-gariirku guud ahaan ma laha kala duwanaansho, kaliya axle-ka dambe ee madaxa jiidista ayaa leh kala duwanaansho (waxaa sidoo kale jira kala duwanaansho u dhexeeya axle-ka dhexe iyo kan dambe).

3. Farqiga u dhexeeya kharashyada dayactirka waa mid aad u weyn, kaasoo noqon kara dhowr boqol oo yuan, laba ama saddex kun oo yuan, ama tobanaan kun oo yuan ah. Kharashku wuxuu ku xiran yahay heerka burburka kala duwanaanshaha, qaybaha u baahan in la beddelo, iyo istaraatiijiyadda qiimaha ee dukaanka dayactirka.

(二) Kala furfurka iyo dayactirka axalka dambe

1. Saacadaha Shaqada: Guud ahaan waxay qaadataa 5 ~ 7 saacadood.

2. QiimahaQiimaha: Badanaa wuxuu u dhexeeyaa 2500 iyo 4000 yuan, laakiin kharashka gaarka ah wuu kala duwanaan karaa iyadoo ku xiran nooca, goobta juqraafiyeed iyo dukaanka dayactirka.

(三) Kharashyada dayactirka hakinta

1. Kharashyada dayactirka way kala duwan yihiin iyadoo ku xiran darnaanta dhaawaca joojinta iyo qaybaha u baahan in la beddelo.

2. Isbeddel yar oo ku yimaada joojinta ayaa laga yaabaa inuu u baahdo oo keliya hagaajin maxalli ah, kharashkuna waa mid hooseeya.

3. Haddii nidaamka joojinta uu si qaab-dhismeedkiisu u burburay ama loo baahan yahay in lagu beddelo qaybo muhiim ah (sida nuugayaasha shoogga, ilo-biyoodka, iwm.), qiimuhu si weyn ayuu u kordhi karaa.

Fadlan ogow in qiimaha kor ku xusan uu yahay mid tixraac ah oo keliya, qiimaha gaarka ahna waxaa lagu go'aamin doonaa iyadoo loo eegayo qaabka, gobolka iyo xaaladda dhabta ah ee dukaanka dayactirka. Markaad hagaajinayso nidaamka korontada, waa inaad doorataa dukaan dayactir oo leh shahaadooyin xirfadeed iyo sumcad wanaagsan si loo hubiyo tayada dayactirka iyo badbaadada wadista.

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四、Maareynta cilladaha dariiqa iyo ganaaxa ee la kulmay inta lagu jiro wadista

1. Beddel qaybaha dhaawacan: Haddii kormeerku ogaado in qayb ka mid ah joojinta ama faasaska ay waxyeello soo gaartay, sida usha isku xirta, madaxa kubadda, xabagta gacanta ee laalaada, iwm., waa in lagu beddelaa qayb cusub sida ugu dhakhsaha badan.

2. Hagaaji cadaadiska taayirka: Haddii cadaadiska taayirka uusan ku filnayn, bamka hawada ee la qaadi karo waa in loo isticmaalaa in cadaadiska taayirka lagu hagaajiyo qiimaha caadiga ah.

3. Sax booska giraangiraha hore: Haddii booska taayirka hore uusan sax ahayn, taasoo keenta in la joojiyo lulid ama leexasho taayirka hore, xirmada hore iyo camber-ka taayirka hore waa in la saxo.

4. Saliidee kala-goyska kubbadda gacanta ee xakamaynta ganaaxa: Haddii isku-xidhka kubbadda gacanta ee xakamaynta joojinta si xun loo saliideeyo, loo qaniino ama loo dhaawaco, waa in la saliideeyaa ama la beddelaa.

5. Beddel usha wadista ama isku-xidhka guud: Haddii usha wadista ee universal-ka ah ee joojinta ay leedahay buuq, waxay noqon kartaa qaab-dhismeedka usha wadista ama xirashada universal-ka ah ay tahay mid daran, waa in lagu beddelaa usha wadista cusub ama universal-ka ah.

Fadlan ogow in tallaabooyinkani ay yihiin kuwo loogu talagalay xaaladaha degdegga ah oo keliya mana aha dammaanad buuxda oo ku saabsan badbaadada. Caadiyan, waa inaan xoojinnaa dib-u-habaynta iyo dayactirka nidaamka korontada si loo hubiyo in gaarigu uu xaalad wanaagsan ku jiro si looga fogaado dhacdooyinka xaaladaha khatarta ah sida cilladda nidaamka korontada.

Dayactirka dariiqa weyn ee nus-gariirka iyo ganaaxa

Dayactirka dariiqa

1.Kormeerka taayirka: Si joogto ah u hubi cadaadiska taayirka si aad u hubiso inuu ku jiro xadka caadiga ah si loo yareeyo xirashada taayirka loona hagaajiyo xasilloonida wadista. Hubi xirashada taayirka, ku beddel taayirka mid aad u duugoobay waqtigii loogu talagalay, iyo ka hortagga shilalka badbaadada ee ay keenaan dhibaatooyinka taayirka.

2.Dayactirka xarunta dhalista: wakhti kasta (sida 50,000 kiiloomitir kasta), dayactirka booyadaha xarunta, oo ay ku jiraan nadiifinta dufanka duugga ah, hubinta booyadaha iyo giraanta kursiga, hubinta meel bannaan oo booyadaha ah. Ka dib markaad nadiifiso, mari dufan cusub si aad u hubiso in si fiican loo saliideeyo booyadaha. Wixii booyadaha aan dayactirka lahayn, inkastoo wareegga dayactirka uu dheer yahay, haddana weli waa lagama maarmaan in si joogto ah loo hubiyo in booyadaha, booyadaha hubku ay waxyeelloobeen, daadashada saliidda, iyo saliidda geerku ay wasakhowday.

3.Xidhitaanka Bolt iyo lowska: Si joogto ah u hubi in boolalku iyo lawska giraangiraha iyo nidaamka laalaada ay xiran yihiin si looga hortago khataraha badbaadada ee ka dhasha dabacsanaanta. Gaar ahaan ka dib marka ugu horreysa ee la raro dhidibka cusub, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la hubiyo xidhitaanka boolalku iyo lawska.

4.Kormeerka nidaamka biriiga: si joogto ah u hubi dhumucda saxanka is-xoqidda kabaha biriiga iyo haddii ay jirto dabacsanaan, sida dhumucdu ay ka yar tahay qiimaha la cayimay ama ay jirto dabacsanaan, waa in lagu beddelaa waqti ka dib. Hubi dhexroorka gudaha iyo dusha sare ee is-xoqidda ee durbaanka biriiga, haddii dhexroorka gudaha uu ka yar yahay qiimaha la cayimay ama dusha sare ee is-xoqidda uu leeyahay dildilaacyo joogto ah, waa in sidoo kale lagu beddelaa waqti ka dib.

(二) Dayactirka nidaamka hakinta

1. Kormeerka caleenta iyo biqilka ugu weyn: Si joogto ah u hubi in isha caleenta ama biraha ugu weyn ee nidaamka joojinta ay jabtay si loo hubiyo shaqada caadiga ah ee nidaamka joojinta.

2. Saliidaynta qaybaha simbiriirixan: Ku dar dufan yar dhammaadka simbiriirixan ee qaybaha simbiriirixan iyo ilo caleen ah si loo yareeyo is jiidjiidka iyo xirmidda.

3. Kormeerka xidhitaanka: Si joogto ah u hubi in qalabka lagu xidho nidaamka joojinta uu dabacsan yahay ama uu dhaawac yahay si loo hubiyo xasilloonida iyo badbaadada nidaamka joojinta.

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