Shakatawa a lokacin zafi na 2024 Yadda ake kula da manyan motocin da ba su kai rabin girma ba

Zafi mai tsanani yana shafar kusan dukkan sassan Arewacin Duniya.

A farkon watan Yuni, mafi girman zafin jiki a jihohi da dama a kudu maso yammacin Amurka ya wuce digiri 38 na Celsius, mafi girman zafin jiki a Phoenix, babban birnin Arizona, ya kai digiri 45 na Celsius a ranar 6 ga wata, kuma mafi girman zafin jiki a Las Vegas, Nevada, ya kai digiri 45 na Celsius. 48.3°C a ranar 7 ga wata, duka suna kafa tarihin tarihi, kuma yanayin zafi mai yawa ya bayyana kimanin makonni biyu da suka gabata fiye da shekarun da suka gabata.

An samu mutane 16,344 da suka kamu da cutar bugun jini a Indiya tun daga ranar 1 ga Maris. Akalla mutane 85 ne suka mutu sakamakon cututtuka da suka shafi zafi a ranar 31 ga Mayu kadai yayin da zafin ya tsananta a jihohin arewacin Indiya da babban birnin New Delhi a watan Yuni, inda zafin ya kusa karewa, inda mafi girman zafin ke gabatowa. 50°C.

Zafi mai tsanani ba wai kawai yana kawo barazana ga lafiyar ɗan adam kai tsaye ba, har ma yana ƙara ta'azzara fari, yana haifar da gobarar daji, yana shafar samar da amfanin gona da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki a birane, kuma yana shafar yadda tattalin arzikin ƙasa da al'umma ke aiki yadda ya kamata.

A farkon watan Afrilu, yanayin zafi a wasu sassan Thailand, Vietnam da Philippines ya wuce digiri 40 na Celsius. Mafi girman zafin da ake da shi a arewacin Thailand ya kai digiri 43 na Celsius a ranar Lahadi, kuma babban birnin Bangkok ya kai digiri 39 na Celsius. Makarantu sama da 5,000 a Philippines sun umarci ɗalibai su yi karatu a gida.

Bangladesh ta fuskanci yanayi mafi zafi a watan Afrilu a tarihi, inda zafin rana ya kai digiri 40 a ma'aunin Celsius a mafi yawan sassan ƙasar, kuma an rufe makarantu a faɗin ƙasar na tsawon makonni biyu daga ranar 20 ga Afrilu, inda kimanin ɗalibai miliyan 32 ke ɗaukar darussan kan layi a gida.

Yayin da birane da yawa a Pakistan suka fuskanci zafi a ƙarshen watan Mayu, yanayin zafi yana gabatowa, digiri 50 A wasu wurare, ƙasar ta ɗauki matakan gaggawa na Celsius, inda ta dakatar da azuzuwan karatu na tsawon mako guda domin rage tasirin zafin.

A cewar rahoton da Hukumar Kula da Cututtuka da Rage Barkewar Bala'i ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDRR) ta fitar a shekarar 2000-2019, adadin abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya ya karu da kashi 232% cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata.

A watan Maris na shekarar 2024, Hukumar Kula da Yanayi ta Duniya ta fitar da "Yanayin Yanayi na Duniya na 2023", inda babu shakka shekarar 2023 ta kasance shekarar da ta fi zafi a tarihi, inda matsakaicin zafin da ke kusa da saman ya kai 1.45 °C sama da matakin kafin masana'antu.

Yawan iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli guda uku da ake fitarwa daga iskar carbon dioxide, methane da nitrous oxide, suna ci gaba da hauhawa, inda matakan carbon dioxide suka kai kashi 50 cikin 100 sama da matakan da aka dauka kafin fara masana'antu, karuwar da ba a taba ganin irinta ba a cikin shekaru miliyan da suka gabata na tarihin dan adam. Muna cikin tsakiyar dumamar yanayi da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, ba mafi zafi ba, sai dai mafi zafi.

Duk da cewa ƙasashe suna ƙara himma wajen ɗaukar matakan da suka dace kan sauyin yanayi, jinkirin da aka samu sakamakon dalilai daban-daban ya sa hayakin iskar gas na duniya da ake fitarwa a halin yanzu ya kasance mafi girma a tarihi, kuma ba makawa ne 'yan shekarun nan masu zuwa su ci gaba da ƙaruwa.

A cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, rabin-Tirelar Tirela kumaya kamata a duba shi sosai kafin amfani, in ba haka ba za a sami babban haɗarin tsaro, ya kamata ku kula da waɗannan biyar fannoni

1. Hana tayoyin da suka faɗi

Idan tirelar ke tuƙi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai yawa, saboda yawan zafin waje, zubar da zafi na tayar yana raguwa, kuma matsin iska yana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwado, wanda hakan yana da sauƙin haifar da fashewar taya. Saboda haka, lokacin da ake aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai yawa, a kula da zafin da matsin iska na tayar, kuma a duba akai-akai don tabbatar da ƙa'idodin matsin lamba na iska da aka ƙayyade.

Idan aka gano cewa akwai ƙarancin iskar gas, ya kamata a gyara shi akan lokaci. Ga tireloli masu nisa, ya zama dole a rage gudu yadda ya kamata, a ajiye motar a wuri mai inuwa idan ya cancanta, don rage zafin tayar sannan a ci gaba da tuƙi, kuma ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da hanyar zuba ruwan sanyi don rage zafin tayar ba, wanda zai fashe saboda rashin daidaiton matsewar tayoyin da kuma layin roba na gefen taya.

2. Hana lalacewar batirin

Lokacin da ake shiga lokacin zafi mai yawa, ya zama dole a kula da rabon electrolyte, wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da hunturu, a lokaci guda, ya zama dole a duba matakin ruwa na batirin akai-akai, a ƙara ruwan da aka tace akan lokaci, sannan a kiyaye ramin iska ba tare da wata matsala ba. Domin hana yawan amfani da electrolyte saboda yawan zafin jiki, ya zama dole a daidaita mai kula da janareta da kuma rage yawan iskar da janareta ke fitarwa.

3. Hana tsarin samar da mai juriya ga iskar gas

Tsaftace matatun dizal, tankunan mai da layukan mai domin su kasance masu tsafta da santsi. Duba kuma daidaita matsin aikin famfon dizal don ya kasance daidai. Da zarar akwai juriyar iskar gas, ya kamata a dakatar da shi don ya huce, a wargaza mahaɗin bututun carburetor, sannan a juya hannun famfon dizal don cike bututun mai da kuma dawo da isasshen mai. Domin hana juriyar iskar gas a tsarin samar da mai, yawanci ana amfani da matsewar sanyi don sanyaya man.

Ana sanya murfin kariya tsakanin silinda da famfon dizal, wanda ke rage zafin da injin ke watsawa zuwa famfon dizal kuma yana hana samar da juriyar iska. Bugu da ƙari, amfani da famfon dizal mai amfani da wutar lantarki hanya ce mai inganci don hana samar da juriyar iska.

4. Hana lalacewar birki

Motocin birki na Hydraulic, don duba famfon birki da ƙaramin famfo, maye gurbin man birki, zubar da iskar bututun birki sosai, da kuma duba da daidaita tsayin fedar birki, motocin birki na pneumatic, kula da duba kwano da bututun birki masu kyau, an gano cewa ya kamata a maye gurbin lalacewa akan lokaci.

5. Yi aiki mai kyau na gyaran fasaha na abin hawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai yawa

Lokacin da ake shiga lokacin zafi mai yawa, ya kamata a gudanar da cikakken bincike da gyara na fasaha da ake buƙata a cikin motar, manyan abubuwan da ke cikin gyaran su ne: da farko, a duba sassan tsarin sanyaya don tabbatar da cikakke kuma cikakke. Ya kamata a duba rufewar tsarin sanyaya, matsewar bel ɗin fanka, ko hanyoyin iska da bututun iska da ke kan murfin radiator sun yi santsi, ko ruwan sanyaya ya isa, da kuma ko thermostat ɗin yana cikin yanayi mai kyau. Bugu da ƙari, ya zama dole a kawar da sikelin a kan lokaci, kuma a yi amfani da ruwan sanyaya injin a matsayin ruwan laushi ko kuma a yi masa magani da ruwa mai tauri gwargwadon iko.

Na biyu shine inganta yanayin man shafawa da rage lalacewar sassa. Da farko, dole ne mu ƙarfafa kula da matatun iska da matatun inji don tabbatar da aiki na yau da kullun. Ga motocin da ake amfani da su a yanayin ƙura, ya kamata a rage tsarin maye gurbin man shafawa yadda ya kamata. Ya kamata motocin da ke tuƙi a yanayin zafi mai zafi su kasance sanye da na'urorin radiators na mai da mai mai inganci, na'urar watsawa, na'urar rage zafi da kayan sitiyari don maye gurbin man gear mai kauri a lokacin bazara, bearings na ƙafafun don maye gurbin man da wurin faɗuwa mafi girma.