2024 Gushyushya imiraba y'ubushyuhe Uburyo bwo kubungabunga amakamyo manini

Ubushyuhe bukabije burimo kwibasira ibice hafi ya byose by'Isi yo mu Majyaruguru.

Mu ntangiriro za Kamena, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane muri leta nyinshi zo mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bwarenze dogere selisiyusi 38, ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane muri Phoenix, umurwa mukuru wa Arizona, bwageze kuri dogere selisiyusi 45 ku ya 6, naho ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane muri Las Vegas, muri Nevada, bwageze kuri 48.3 ° C ku ya 7, byombi bishyiraho amateka, kandi ubushyuhe bwinshi bwagaragaye mbere y'ibyumweru bibiri ugereranyije n'imyaka yashize.

Kuva ku ya 1 Werurwe mu Buhinde hamaze kugaragara abantu 16.344 barwaye indwara y’ubushyuhe. Nibura abantu 85 bapfuye bazize indwara ziterwa n’ubushyuhe ku ya 31 Gicurasi gusa ubwo ubushyuhe bwakomezaga kwiyongera mu majyaruguru y’Ubuhinde no mu murwa mukuru New Delhi muri Kamena, ubushyuhe bwinshi buri hafi kugera. 50 ° C.

Ubushyuhe bukabije ntibushyira ubuzima bw'abantu mu kaga mu buryo butaziguye gusa, ahubwo bunatuma amapfa yongera, bugatera inkongi z'umuriro, bukagira ingaruka ku musaruro w'ubuhinzi n'amashanyarazi mu mijyi, kandi bukagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere isanzwe y'ubukungu bw'igihugu n'umuryango.

Mu ntangiriro za Mata, ubushyuhe mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Tayilande, Vietnam na Filipine bwarenze dogere selisiyusi 40. Ubushyuhe bwinshi mu majyaruguru ya Tayilande bwageze kuri dogere selisiyusi 43 ku Cyumweru, naho umurwa mukuru Bangkok ugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 39. Amashuri arenga 5.000 yo muri Filipine yabwiye abanyeshuri kwigira mu ngo zabo.

Muri Bangladesh habaye ubushyuhe bwinshi mu kwezi kwa Mata, aho ubushyuhe bukabije ku manywa bwageze kuri dogere selisiyusi 40 mu bice byinshi by'igihugu, kandi amashuri hirya no hino mu gihugu yafunzwe mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri guhera ku ya 20 Mata, abanyeshuri bagera kuri miliyoni 32 biga amasomo yo kuri interineti mu ngo zabo.

Mu gihe imijyi myinshi muri Pakisitani yahuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mpera za Gicurasi, ubushyuhe buri hafi kugera dogere 50 Muri Celsius zimwe na zimwe, igihugu cyafashe ingamba zihutirwa, gihagarika amasomo mu gihe cy'icyumweru kugira ngo kigabanye ingaruka z'ubushyuhe.

Nk’uko bigaragara mu kinyamakuru cy’Ikiguzi cy’Ibiza ku Baturage 2000-2019 cyashyizwe ahagaragara n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe Kurwanya no Kugabanya Ibiza (UNDRR), umubare w’ibiza bikabije ku isi wiyongereyeho 232% mu myaka 20 ishize.

Muri Werurwe 2024, Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Isi ryita ku Iteganyagihe ryashyize ahagaragara "Imiterere y’Ikirere cy’Isi cya 2023", aho nta gushidikanya ko umwaka wa 2023 wari umwaka ushyushye cyane kurusha iyindi yose, aho ubushyuhe buri hafi y’ubuso bwari hejuru ya 1.45°C mbere y’inganda.

Ubwinshi bwa dioxyde de carbone, methane na oxyde de nitrous, ari byo byuka bitatu by’ingenzi bihumanya ikirere, bikomeje kuzamuka, aho urugero rwa dioxyde de carbone ruri hejuru ya 50% mbere y’inganda, ubwiyongere butigeze bubaho mu myaka miliyoni mike ishize y’amateka y’abantu. Turi mu bihe by’ubushyuhe budasanzwe bw’isi, ntabwo ari ubushyuhe bukabije, ahubwo ni ubushyuhe bukabije kurushaho.

Nubwo ibihugu birimo kongera imbaraga mu gufata ingamba zihuriweho zo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ingamba zitinze guterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye zatumye imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku isi ikomeza kuzamuka cyane, kandi ni ngombwa ko mu myaka mike iri imbere izakomeza kwiyongera.

Mu bushyuhe bwinshi, igice cya kabiriAkamashini gatwara ibintu na nonebigomba gusuzumwa neza mbere yo kubikoreshabitabaye ibyo hazabaho akaga gakomeye k'umutekano, ugomba kwita ku bikurikira gatanu ibice

1. Irinde ko amapine yangirika

Iyo terefone itwaye imodoka mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo hanze, ubushyuhe bw'ipine buragabanuka buhoro, kandi umuvuduko w'umwuka wiyongera, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gutuma amapine aturika. Kubwibyo, iyo ukoresha terefone mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, witondere ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko w'umwuka w'ipine, kandi ugenzure kenshi kugira ngo umenye neza ko ibipimo by'umuvuduko w'umwuka byagenwe.

Iyo bigaragaye ko hari ibura rya lisansi, bigomba gukorwa ku gihe. Ku magare maremare akoresha intera ndende, ni ngombwa kugabanya umuvuduko neza, guparika imodoka ahantu hacucu igihe bibaye ngombwa, kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'ipine bugabanuke hanyuma ukomeze kuyitwara, kandi ntibishoboka gukoresha uburyo bwo gusuka amazi akonje kugira ngo ugabanye ubushyuhe bw'ipine, bushobora kwangirika bitewe no guhindagurika kw'aho ipine inyura n'uruti rw'ipine.

2. Irinde kwangirika kwa bateri

Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ni ngombwa kwita ku gipimo cya electrolyte, ari gito ugereranyije n'igihe cy'itumba, icyarimwe, ni ngombwa kugenzura kenshi urugero rw'amazi muri batiri, kongera amazi yaciwe ku gihe, no kugumana umwobo w'umwuka udakingiye. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko electrolyte ikoreshwa cyane bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ni ngombwa guhindura icyuma gipima amashanyarazi no kugabanya uburyo umwuka unyuramo mu imashini zitanga umuriro.

3. Kurinda uburyo bwo kurwanya imyuka mu buryo bwo gutanga peteroli

Sukura ibyuma bisukura mazutu, ibigega bya lisansi n'imiyoboro ya peteroli kugira ngo bikomeze kuba bisukuye kandi byoroshye. Reba kandi uhindure umuvuduko w'ipompe ya mazutu kugira ngo bikomeze kuba bisanzwe. Iyo habayeho uburinzi bwa gaze, igomba guhagarikwa kugira ngo ikonje, ivange umuyoboro w'amazi wa kabureta, hanyuma uhindure ukuboko kwa pompe ya mazutu kugira ngo wuzuze umuyoboro w'amavuta kandi wongere ugarure uburinzi bwa gaze mu buryo busanzwe. Kugira ngo hirindwe uburinzi bwa gaze mu buryo butanga peteroli, ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mu gukonjesha umuyoboro w'amavuta.

Udupira two gukingira umwuka dushyirwa hagati ya silinda na pompe ya mazutu, bigabanya ubushyuhe moteri itanga kuri pompe ya mazutu kandi bikarinda ko umwuka udashobora gutwarwa. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha pompe ya mazutu y'amashanyarazi ni uburyo bwiza bwo gukumira ko umwuka udashobora gutwarwa.

4. Irinde ko feri yangirika

Ibinyabiziga bya feri ya hydraulic, kugira ngo bigenzure pompe ya feri na sub-pompe, bisimbuze amavuta ya feri, bikuremo umwuka neza mu muyoboro wa feri, kandi bigenzure kandi bihindure uburebure bwa pedal ya feri, ibinyabiziga bya feri ya pneumatic, byitondere kugenzura isahani ya feri n'umuyoboro wa feri, byasanze ibyangiritse bigomba gusimbuzwa ku gihe.

5. Kora akazi keza ko kubungabunga imodoka mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi

Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, imodoka yose igomba gukorwa igenzura rya tekiniki n'ivugurura rikenewe, ibikubiye mu isuku yayo ni ibi bikurikira: mbere na mbere, kugenzura ibice by'ubukonje kugira ngo bigenzurwe neza kandi byuzuye. Ahanini ni ukureba niba ubukonje bufunze, umukandara w'umufana ufashe, niba imiyoboro n'imyobo biri ku gifuniko cya radiator ari byiza, niba amazi akonje ahagije, kandi niba thermostat imeze neza. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa gukuraho ubunini ku gihe, kandi amazi akonjesha ya moteri agomba gukoreshwa nk'amazi yoroshye cyangwa amazi akomeye atunganyijwe uko bishoboka kose.

Icya kabiri ni ukunoza imiterere y’amavuta no kugabanya kwangirika kw'ibice. Mbere na mbere, tugomba kongera uburyo bwo kubungabunga filters z'umwuka n'ibyuma bikoresha ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo dukore neza. Ku binyabiziga bikoreshwa mu bihe by'umukungugu, igihe cyo gusimbuza amavuta yo gusiga kigomba kugabanywa neza. Ibinyabiziga bitwara mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi bigomba kuba bifite radiateur z'amavuta n'amavuta meza, transmission, main reducer n'ibikoresho byo kuyobora kugira ngo bisimbuze amavuta y'impeshyi, amapine bearings kugira ngo asimbuze amavuta aho agwa cyane.